Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-45988

RCE in B-Link Bl-Wr9000 Firmware 2.4.9

Public PoCRCECommand Injection
Published
13 June 2025
Modified
17 June 2026
CVSS Score v3.1 9.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.11 96th percentile
Risk Priority 81 floored blend · peak EPSS

CVSS and EPSS are reproduced from their sources (NVD, FIRST EPSS). Risk Priority is our own derived reading, not an NVD score.

Summary

CVE-2025-45988 is a critical-severity Command Injection (CWE-77) vulnerability in B-Link Bl-Wr9000 Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059); ranked in the top 4% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2025-45988 affects multiple LB-LINK router models including BL-WR9000 V2.4.9, BL-AC2100_AZ3 V1.0.4, BL-X10_AC8 v1.0.5, BL-LTE300 v1.2.3, BL-F1200_AT1 v1.0.0, BL-X26_AC8 v1.2.8, BLAC450M_AE4 v4.0.0 and BL-X26_DA3 v1.2.7. The devices contain several instances of command injection in the bs_SetCmd function that accept unsanitized input through the cmd parameter, corresponding to CWE-77.

An unauthenticated attacker with network access can supply crafted values to the cmd parameter and execute arbitrary operating-system commands on the router. Successful exploitation yields full control over the device, enabling actions consistent with the CVSS 9.8 rating of complete confidentiality, integrity and availability impact.

Public disclosure of the issues appears in a technical write-up hosted on GitHub that demonstrates the injection vectors; no vendor advisory or firmware patch information is referenced in the available sources. The associated EPSS score has remained at 0.1330 without a documented rise from a lower baseline.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

A05:2025 Injection

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Blink routers BL-WR9000 V2.4.9 , BL-AC2100_AZ3 V1.0.4, BL-X10_AC8 v1.0.5 , BL-LTE300 v1.2.3, BL-F1200_AT1 v1.0.0, BL-X26_AC8 v1.2.8, BLAC450M_AE4 v4.0.0 and BL-X26_DA3 v1.2.7 were discovered to contain multiple command injection vulnerabilities via the cmd parameter in the bs_SetCmd function.

CWE(s)
CWE-77

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter Execution
Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries.
attack.mitre.org →
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.001 PowerShell Execution
Adversaries may abuse PowerShell commands and scripts for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.003 Windows Command Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse the Windows command shell for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.004 Unix Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.008 Network Device CLI Execution
Adversaries may abuse scripting or built-in command line interpreters (CLI) on network devices to execute malicious command and payloads.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-45984Same product: B-Link Bl-Ac1900
CVE-2025-45986Same product: B-Link Bl-Ac2100 Az3
CVE-2025-45985Same product: B-Link Bl-Ac2100 Az3
CVE-2025-45987Same product: B-Link Bl-Ac2100 Az3
CVE-2025-9579Same vendor: B-Link
CVE-2026-32241Shared CWE-77
CVE-2024-29864Shared CWE-77
CVE-2024-44400Shared CWE-77
CVE-2023-3739Shared CWE-77
CVE-2023-45852Shared CWE-77

Affected Assets

b-link
bl-wr9000 firmware
2.4.9
b-link
bl-ac1900 firmware
1.0.2
b-link
bl-ac2100 az3 firmware
1.0.4
b-link
bl-x10 ac8 firmware
1.0.5
b-link
bl-lte300 firmware
1.2.3
b-link
bl-f1200 at1 firmware
1.0.0
b-link
bl-x26 ac8 firmware
1.2.8
b-link
blac450m ae4 firmware
4.0.0
b-link
bl-x26 da3 firmware
1.2.7

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

—

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

—

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.2.3
  • V1.2.5
  • V1.2.8
  • V1.2.9

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

SA-11 Developer Testing and Evaluation good match

Developer testing and evaluation can discover command-construction flaws before deployment.

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match

Input validation directly stops construction of commands from untrusted data containing special elements.

SA-8 Security and Privacy Engineering Principles partial match

Secure engineering principles include proper neutralization and safe command construction practices.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices directly require input validation and neutralization that prevent command injection.

DE.CM-09 partial match
prevents

Runtime monitoring of software and data can detect anomalous command execution resulting from injection.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Identifying recorded vulnerabilities enables remediation of command-injection flaws before exploitation.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.8.28 Secure coding mostly match
prevents

Secure coding standards require proper escaping and parameterization of commands, directly eliminating CWE-77.

A.8.29 Security testing in development and acceptance mostly match
finds

Security testing in development catches command-injection vulnerabilities before release.

A.8.25 Secure development life cycle partial match
prevents

Secure development life cycle mandates input validation and command construction practices that directly prevent command injection.

A.8.26 Application security requirements partial match
prevents

Application security requirements explicitly call for controls against injection flaws including command injection.

A.8.27 Secure system architecture and engineering principles partial match
prevents

Secure architecture principles reduce the attack surface but do not prescribe the specific neutralization techniques needed.

References