Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-48543

HighCISA KEVActive ExploitationEUVD Exploited

Published: 04 September 2025

Published
04 September 2025
Modified
23 October 2025
KEV Added
04 September 2025
Patch
CVSS Score v3.1 8.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0031 54.6th percentile
Risk Priority 38 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-48543 is a high-severity Use After Free (CWE-416) vulnerability in Google Android. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068); ranked in the top 45.4% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; CISA has added it to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SC-39 (Process Isolation) and SI-16 (Memory Protection).

Deeper analysis

CVE-2025-48543 is a use-after-free vulnerability (CWE-416) present in multiple locations within the Android Runtime (ART) that permits escape from the Chrome sandbox to target the Android system_server process. The flaw affects Android devices and carries a CVSS 3.1 score of 8.8 reflecting local attack vector, low complexity, and high impact across confidentiality, integrity, and availability in a changed scope.

A local attacker who can execute code inside the Chrome sandbox can exploit the condition to achieve privilege escalation against system_server without requiring additional execution privileges or user interaction.

The September 2025 Android security bulletin and associated ART patches at the cited Google source repository address the issue through fixes that eliminate the use-after-free conditions. The vulnerability is also catalogued in CISA's known exploited vulnerabilities list, indicating confirmed real-world exploitation activity despite a current EPSS score of 0.0031.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

In multiple locations, there is a possible way to escape chrome sandbox to attack android system_server due to a use after free. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not…

more

needed for exploitation.

CWE(s)
KEV Date Added
04 September 2025

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.
Why these techniques?

Use-after-free in ART enables local privilege escalation via Chrome sandbox escape to compromise system_server.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2024-40651Same product: Google Android
CVE-2025-48572Same product: Google Androidboth on KEV
CVE-2024-40649Same product: Google Android
CVE-2025-22410Same product: Google Android
CVE-2024-40669Same product: Google Android
CVE-2024-40670Same product: Google Android
CVE-2025-22409Same product: Google Android
CVE-2025-22404Same product: Google Android
CVE-2025-48633Same product: Google Androidboth on KEV
CVE-2024-34748Same product: Google Android

Affected Assets

google
android
13.0, 14.0, 15.0, 16.0

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

prevent

Directly mandates timely remediation of known flaws like this use-after-free vulnerability through patching as specified in the Android Security Bulletin.

prevent

Implements memory protection mechanisms that defend against use-after-free exploits by preventing unauthorized memory access and code execution.

prevent

Enforces process isolation to strengthen sandbox boundaries, mitigating escapes from Chrome sandbox to system_server.

References