CVE-2025-49132
Published: 20 June 2025
Summary
CVE-2025-49132 is a critical-severity Code Injection (CWE-94) vulnerability. Its CVSS base score is 10.0 (Critical).
Operationally, ranked in the top 5.9% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
Deeper analysis
Pterodactyl, an open-source game server management panel, contains a critical unauthenticated code injection vulnerability (CWE-94) in all versions prior to 1.11.11. The flaw resides in the /locales/locale.json endpoint, where the locale and namespace query parameters can be manipulated to execute arbitrary code on the underlying server.
An unauthenticated attacker can supply malicious values to these parameters and obtain remote code execution. Successful exploitation grants full access to the panel host, including the ability to read configuration credentials, query the database for sensitive data, and retrieve or modify files belonging to any game servers managed by the panel.
The official GitHub security advisory and release notes for version 1.11.11 state that the issue is resolved in that patch and that no software-level workarounds exist, although an external web application firewall may provide partial mitigation.
The associated EPSS score rose from a low baseline to a peak of 0.3887 on 2026-02-18 before receding to its current value of 0.1253, indicating a period of increased exploitation interest after disclosure.
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-18765
Vulnerability details
Pterodactyl is a free, open-source game server management panel. Prior to version 1.11.11, using the /locales/locale.json with the locale and namespace query parameters, a malicious actor is able to execute arbitrary code without being authenticated. With the ability to execute…
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arbitrary code it could be used to gain access to the Panel's server, read credentials from the Panel's config, extract sensitive information from the database, access files of servers managed by the panel, etc. This issue has been patched in version 1.11.11. There are no software workarounds for this vulnerability, but use of an external Web Application Firewall (WAF) could help mitigate this attack.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
No named actor attribution yet. ATT&CK technique mapping in progress for this CVE.
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Likely Mitigating Controls AI
Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.
Makes persistent code injection into loaded programs impossible when the executable image itself resides on hardware-protected read-only media.
Dynamically generated code can be produced and executed inside the isolated chamber, preventing host compromise from code-injection payloads.
Validates inputs used in dynamic code generation to block injected directives.
Directly prevents execution of attacker-supplied code written into data memory regions.