Cyber Posture

CVE-2025-58931

HighUpdated

Published: 18 December 2025

Published
18 December 2025
Modified
27 April 2026
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score 8.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0010 27.9th percentile
Risk Priority 16 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-58931 is a high-severity PHP Remote File Inclusion (CWE-98) vulnerability in Axiomthemes Palatio. Its CVSS base score is 8.1 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 27.9th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190). What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.
Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

prevent

Directly mitigates the improper filename control in PHP include/require by validating inputs to block malicious local file paths.

prevent

Enforces restrictions on filename inputs for PHP include/require statements, such as whitelisting allowed paths to prevent local file inclusion.

prevent

Remediates the specific LFI flaw in Palatio WordPress theme versions through n/a to <=1.6 by applying patches from advisories like Patchstack.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
Why these techniques?

The vulnerability is a PHP Local File Inclusion (LFI) in a public-facing WordPress theme, directly enabling exploitation of a public-facing application.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

NVD Description

Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in axiomthemes Palatio palatio allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Palatio: from n/a through <= 1.6.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-58931 is an Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program vulnerability, also known as PHP Remote File Inclusion, that enables PHP Local File Inclusion in the axiomthemes Palatio WordPress theme. This issue affects Palatio versions from n/a through 1.6.

The vulnerability has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.1 (AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H), indicating exploitation over the network by unauthenticated attackers with no user interaction required, though it demands high attack complexity. Successful exploitation allows attackers to achieve high impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, typically through local file inclusion to access or manipulate sensitive server files.

Mitigation details are available in the Patchstack advisory at https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Theme/palatio/vulnerability/wordpress-palatio-theme-1-6-local-file-inclusion-vulnerability?_s_id=cve.

Details

CWE(s)

Affected Products

axiomthemes
palatio
≤ 1.6

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-60060Same vendor: Axiomthemes
CVE-2025-58928Same vendor: Axiomthemes
CVE-2025-58937Same vendor: Axiomthemes
CVE-2025-58926Same vendor: Axiomthemes
CVE-2025-60063Same vendor: Axiomthemes
CVE-2025-53446Same vendor: Axiomthemes
CVE-2025-58943Same vendor: Axiomthemes
CVE-2025-53448Same vendor: Axiomthemes
CVE-2025-60047Same vendor: Axiomthemes
CVE-2025-58893Same vendor: Axiomthemes

References