Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-6165

Memory Safety in Totolink X15 Firmware 1.0.0-b20230714.1105

Public PoCMemory Safety
Published
17 June 2025
Modified
17 June 2026
Patch / advisory
View advisory
CVSS Score v4 7.4
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.0078 53th percentile
Risk Priority 39 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-6165 is a high-severity Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer (CWE-119) vulnerability in Totolink X15 Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 7.4 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068); ranked in the top 47% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2025-6165 is a buffer overflow vulnerability in the TOTOLINK X15 router firmware version 1.0.0-B20230714.1105. It resides in unknown code within the /boafrm/formTmultiAP endpoint of the HTTP POST Request Handler component, where improper handling of the submit-url argument can trigger memory corruption. The flaw is tracked under CWE-119 and CWE-120 and carries a CVSS 4.0 score of 7.4.

An authenticated remote attacker can send a crafted HTTP POST request to the affected endpoint, causing a buffer overflow that may result in arbitrary code execution or a denial of service. The attack requires no user interaction and can be launched over the network with low attack complexity.

Public proof-of-concept code has been disclosed on GitHub, confirming that the vulnerability is exploitable in its current form. The associated EPSS score remains low at 0.0136 with a peak of only 0.0137, indicating limited observed exploitation interest to date. No official vendor advisory or patch information is referenced in the available sources.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

A vulnerability was found in TOTOLINK X15 1.0.0-B20230714.1105. It has been declared as critical. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /boafrm/formTmultiAP of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument submit-url leads to buffer overflow.…

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The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.

CWE(s)
CWE-119CWE-120

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.
attack.mitre.org →
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution Execution
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code.
attack.mitre.org →
T1210 Exploitation of Remote Services Lateral Movement
Adversaries may exploit remote services to gain unauthorized access to internal systems once inside of a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1055 Process Injection Stealth
Adversaries may inject code into processes in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges.
attack.mitre.org →
T1212 Exploitation for Credential Access Credential Access
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to collect credentials.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-5737Same product: Totolink X15
CVE-2025-5789Same product: Totolink X15
CVE-2025-5734Same product: Totolink X15
CVE-2025-6146Same product: Totolink X15
CVE-2025-5788Same product: Totolink X15
CVE-2025-8245Same product: Totolink X15
CVE-2025-5790Same product: Totolink X15
CVE-2025-6399Same product: Totolink X15
CVE-2025-6150Same product: Totolink X15
CVE-2025-5739Same product: Totolink X15

Affected Assets

totolink
x15 firmware
1.0.0-b20230714.1105

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

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Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

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Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V17.3.2
  • V5.2.1

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

SA-11 Developer Testing and Evaluation good match

Developer testing and analysis can find missing size checks before deployment.

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match

Input validation directly enforces size checks before buffer copies.

SA-8 Security and Privacy Engineering Principles partial match

Secure engineering principles require memory-safe design and coding that structurally avoids buffer-boundary violations.

SI-16 Memory Protection partial match

Memory protection restricts exploitation impact of buffer overflows without eliminating the underlying coding flaw.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices (bounds checking, safe APIs, reviews) directly prevent this class of flaw.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Vulnerability scanning and code analysis directly surface buffer-boundary flaws.

ID.RA-08 partial match
prevents

Receiving and triaging vulnerability disclosures commonly includes buffer-related reports.

PR.AT-02 partial match
prevents

Developer training on secure coding reduces introduction of memory-buffer errors.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Patching replaces vulnerable code containing buffer-boundary defects.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.8.28 Secure coding mostly match
prevents

Secure coding directly requires bounds-checked memory operations, addressing the root cause of CWE-120.

A.8.29 Security testing in development and acceptance mostly match
finds

Security testing in development catches out-of-bounds accesses before release, covering most instances of the weakness.

A.8.25 Secure development life cycle partial match
prevents

Secure development lifecycle mandates memory-safety practices that directly prevent buffer-boundary violations.

A.8.26 Application security requirements partial match
prevents

Application security requirements can specify memory-safety rules, but do not prescribe implementation details.

A.8.27 Secure system architecture and engineering principles partial match
prevents

Secure architecture and engineering principles include memory-safe design patterns that mitigate buffer overflows.

References