Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-9157

Memory Safety

Published
19 August 2025
Modified
17 June 2026
CVSS Score v4 1.9
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.0014 4th percentile
Risk Priority 15 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-9157 is a low-severity Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer (CWE-119) vulnerability in Google (inferred from references). Its CVSS base score is 1.9 (Low).

Operationally, ranked at the 4th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SI-2 (Flaw Remediation) and AC-6 (Least Privilege) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

A vulnerability was determined in appneta tcpreplay up to 4.5.2-beta2. The impacted element is the function untrunc_packet of the file src/tcpedit/edit_packet.c of the component tcprewrite. Executing manipulation can lead to use after free. It is possible to launch the attack…

more

on the local host. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. This patch is called 73008f261f1cdf7a1087dc8759115242696d35da. Applying a patch is advised to resolve this issue.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

Insufficient information to map techniques.
Confidence: LOW · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-2913Shared CWE-119, CWE-416
CVE-2026-10232Shared CWE-119, CWE-416
CVE-2025-9020Shared CWE-119, CWE-416
CVE-2026-1979Shared CWE-119, CWE-416
CVE-2026-3847Shared CWE-119, CWE-416
CVE-2025-13120Shared CWE-119, CWE-416
CVE-2025-15570Shared CWE-119, CWE-416
CVE-2025-15538Shared CWE-119, CWE-416
CVE-2026-1144Shared CWE-119, CWE-416
CVE-2025-6119Shared CWE-119, CWE-416

Affected Assets

Google
inferred from references and description; NVD did not file a CPE for this CVE

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)
Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)
  • 3 hardening rules · 3 OS baselines
Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V17.3.2
  • V1.4.3

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

prevent

Directly requires applying the vendor patch (73008f261f1cdf7a1087dc8759115242696d35da) that eliminates the use-after-free in untrunc_packet.

prevent

Employs memory-protection techniques (ASLR, DEP, guard pages) that raise the bar for reliable exploitation of the CWE-416 use-after-free.

prevent

Restricts the privileges under which tcprewrite executes, limiting the impact of a successful local use-after-free attack.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices (bounds checking, safe APIs, reviews) directly prevent this class of flaw.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Vulnerability scanning and code analysis directly surface buffer-boundary flaws.

ID.RA-08 partial match
prevents

Receiving and triaging vulnerability disclosures commonly includes buffer-related reports.

PR.AT-02 partial match
prevents

Developer training on secure coding reduces introduction of memory-buffer errors.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Patching replaces vulnerable code containing buffer-boundary defects.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

detects

Security testing in development catches out-of-bounds accesses before release, covering most instances of the weakness.

prevents

Secure development lifecycle mandates memory-safety practices that directly prevent buffer-boundary violations.

prevents

Application security requirements can specify memory-safety rules, but do not prescribe implementation details.

prevents

Secure architecture and engineering principles include memory-safe design patterns that mitigate buffer overflows.

prevents

Secure coding standards explicitly forbid unsafe buffer operations, directly eliminating CWE-119.

prevents

Change-management processes help ensure memory-safety fixes are deployed consistently.

References