Cyber Resilience

CVE-2026-33216

Linuxfoundation Nats-Server ≤ 2.11.15

Published
25 March 2026
Modified
10 August 2026
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 8.6
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N
EPSS Score 0.0037 29th percentile
Risk Priority 61 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2026-33216 is a high-severity Plaintext Storage of a Password (CWE-256) vulnerability in Linuxfoundation Nats-Server. Its CVSS base score is 8.6 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Credentials In Files (T1552.001); ranked at the 29th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to AC-16 (Security and Privacy Attributes) and AC-21 (Information Sharing) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2026-33216 is a vulnerability in NATS-Server, a high-performance server for the NATS.io cloud and edge native messaging system. It affects versions prior to 2.11.15 and 2.12.6, specifically in MQTT deployments that use usercodes and passwords. The issue arises because MQTT passwords are incorrectly classified as a non-authenticating identity statement in JWT format, resulting in their exposure through monitoring endpoints. The vulnerability is rated with a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.6 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N) and is associated with CWE-256 (Plaintext Storage of a Password).

Attackers can exploit this vulnerability remotely over the network with no privileges required, low complexity, and no user interaction needed. Anyone with access to the exposed monitoring endpoints can retrieve the MQTT passwords in plaintext, enabling unauthorized access to MQTT services. The scope change and high confidentiality impact allow attackers to compromise credentials without affecting integrity or availability.

Advisories and the patch notes recommend upgrading to versions 2.11.14 or 2.12.6, which contain the fix. As a workaround, administrators should ensure monitoring endpoints are adequately secured with authentication and access controls. Best practices emphasize not exposing the monitoring endpoint to the Internet or other untrusted networks, as detailed in the NATS security advisory and related GitHub commit.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

NATS-Server is a High-Performance server for NATS.io, a cloud and edge native messaging system. Prior to versions 2.11.15 and 2.12.6, for MQTT deployments using usercodes/passwords: MQTT passwords are incorrectly classified as a non-authenticating identity statement (JWT) and exposed via monitoring…

more

endpoints. Versions 2.11.14 and 2.12.6 contain a fix. As a workaround, ensure monitoring end-points are adequately secured. Best practice remains to not expose the monitoring endpoint to the Internet or other untrusted network users.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1552.001 Credentials In Files Credential Access
Adversaries may search local file systems and remote file shares for files containing insecurely stored credentials.
T1552 Unsecured Credentials Credential Access
Adversaries may search compromised systems to find and obtain insecurely stored credentials.
T1005 Data from Local System Collection
Adversaries may search local system sources, such as file systems, configuration files, local databases, virtual machine files, or process memory, to find files of interest and sensitive data prior to Exfiltration.
T1039 Data from Network Shared Drive Collection
Adversaries may search network shares on computers they have compromised to find files of interest.
T1213 Data from Information Repositories Collection
Adversaries may leverage information repositories to mine valuable information.
T1530 Data from Cloud Storage Collection
Adversaries may access data from cloud storage.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2026-33247Same product: Linuxfoundation Nats-Server
CVE-2026-58252Same product: Linuxfoundation Nats-Server
CVE-2026-33222Same product: Linuxfoundation Nats-Server
CVE-2026-58251Same product: Linuxfoundation Nats-Server
CVE-2026-58253Same product: Linuxfoundation Nats-Server
CVE-2026-58209Same product: Linuxfoundation Nats-Server
CVE-2026-27571Same product: Linuxfoundation Nats-Server
CVE-2026-33217Same product: Linuxfoundation Nats-Server
CVE-2026-33215Same product: Linuxfoundation Nats-Server
CVE-2026-27889Same product: Linuxfoundation Nats-Server

Affected Assets

linuxfoundation
nats-server
≤ 2.11.15 · 2.12.0 — 2.12.6

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)
  • 4 hardening rules · 4 OS baselines
Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V4.1.2
  • V14.1.1
  • V16.2.5
  • V16.5.1

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

Requiring confidentiality protection of information at rest directly stops passwords from being stored in plaintext.

Associates security and privacy attributes with data and subjects so that incompatible stakeholder policies can be reconciled before exposure occurs.

Requires explicit checking that a sharing partner's authorizations match the sensitivity of the information, preventing release under mismatched policies.

Enforces approved information flow policies between systems, directly stopping exposure when developer and stakeholder policies conflict.

Documents the specific purposes for processing PII, surfacing and aligning conflicting stakeholder policies before data exposure.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

GV.OC-02 mostly match
prevents

Understanding stakeholder needs directly surfaces incompatible sensitivity expectations that produce the exposure.

GV.PO-01 mostly match
prevents

Establishing risk-management policy based on organizational context is the primary mechanism for aligning divergent sensitivity rules.

PR.DS-01 mostly match
prevents

Encryption and hashing of data-at-rest directly prevent plaintext password storage in files.

GV.OC-03 partial match
prevents

Regulatory and privacy obligations often define the conflicting sensitivity views that the weakness fails to reconcile.

GV.PO-02 partial match
prevents

Periodic policy review can detect and correct stakeholder-policy mismatches before they cause exposure.

PR.AA-01 partial match
prevents

Credential management practices normally include secure storage requirements for passwords.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

degrades

Directly requires secure handling and protection of authentication information, preventing plaintext password storage.

prevents

Classification directly addresses mismatched sensitivity views by defining what must be protected.

prevents

Legal and contractual requirements often impose stricter sensitivity rules than developer policy.

prevents

PII protection explicitly reconciles developer exposure with data-subject or regulator expectations.

prevents

Requires use of cryptography to protect sensitive data such as passwords at rest.

prevents

High-level policy can mandate consistent handling of sensitive data across stakeholder expectations.

Hardening callouts derived

Configuration rules from DISA STIG baselines that bear on weaknesses of the type cited by this CVE. Each rule is shown with the relationship its mapping actually records, against the CWE it was authored against. Derived via CVE→CWE over `controls_xwalks` (authoritative rows only; rows rated `none` are excluded).

Ubuntu 24.04 (1 rule)
  • V-270708 Ubuntu 24.04 LTS must be configured so that remote X connections are disabled, unless to fulfill documented and validated mission requirements. prevents CWE-213
Windows Server 2019 (1 rule)
  • V-205757 Windows Server 2019 Debug programs: user right must only be assigned to the Administrators group. prevents CWE-213

References