Cyber Resilience

CVE-2026-33223

Medium

Published: 25 March 2026

Published
25 March 2026
Modified
26 March 2026
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score v3.1 6.4 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
EPSS Score 0.0021 11.3th percentile
Risk Priority 35 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2026-33223 is a medium-severity Authentication Bypass by Spoofing (CWE-290) vulnerability in Linuxfoundation Nats-Server. Its CVSS base score is 6.4 (Medium).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 11.3th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

NATS-Server is a High-Performance server for NATS.io, a cloud and edge native messaging system. Prior to versions 2.11.15 and 2.12.6, the NATS message header `Nats-Request-Info:` is supposed to be a guarantee of identity by the NATS server, but the stripping…

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of this header from inbound messages was not fully effective. An attacker with valid credentials for any regular client interface could thus spoof their identity to services which rely upon this header. Versions 2.11.15 and 2.12.6 contain a fix. No known workarounds are available.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1684.001 Impersonation Stealth
Adversaries may impersonate a trusted person or organization in order to persuade and trick a target into performing some action on their behalf.
Why these techniques?

Auth bypass via unsanitized header enables public app exploitation and identity spoofing/impersonation to trusted services.

Confidence: MEDIUM · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

Affected Assets

linuxfoundation
nats-server
≤ 2.11.15 · 2.12.0 — 2.12.6

Mitigating Controls

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

addresses: CWE-290

Reveals spoofed logon attempts through unexpected previous logon timestamps upon legitimate login.

addresses: CWE-290

Training specifically addresses recognizing spoofed communications and phishing that enable authentication bypass.

addresses: CWE-290

Requiring verifiable identity evidence at appropriate assurance levels makes it substantially harder for attackers to successfully spoof or impersonate users to obtain accounts.

addresses: CWE-290

Unique device authentication makes successful spoofing of device identity substantially more difficult to achieve.

addresses: CWE-290

Unique identification of non-organizational users reduces the feasibility of authentication bypass by spoofing.

addresses: CWE-290

Unique identification and authentication of services before communications makes spoofing of service identities substantially harder.

addresses: CWE-290

Isolated trusted path ensures the user interacts only with genuine system components, preventing spoofing of authentication interfaces or prompts.

addresses: CWE-290

Directly counters DNS response spoofing by requiring cryptographic origin authentication artifacts from the authoritative source.

References