Cyber Resilience

CVE-2026-45631

CriticalUpdated

Published: 29 May 2026

Published
29 May 2026
Modified
17 June 2026
KEV Added
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Patch
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CVSS Score v3.1 10.0 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0035 27.1th percentile
Risk Priority 70 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2026-45631 is a critical-severity Use of Hard-coded Credentials (CWE-798) vulnerability. Its CVSS base score is 10.0 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 27.1th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

A07:2025 Authentication Failures

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

Dokploy is a free, self-hostable Platform as a Service (PaaS). From 0.27.0 to before 0.29.3, a hardcoded BETTER_AUTH_SECRET fallback ("better-auth-secret-123456789") lets an unauthenticated attacker forge email verification JWTs, trigger auto-sign-in as admin, and execute commands on the host via the…

more

built-in SSH terminal. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.29.3.

CWE(s)
CWE-798

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1078.004 Cloud Accounts Stealth
Valid accounts in cloud environments may allow adversaries to perform actions to achieve Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion.
attack.mitre.org →
T1021.004 SSH Lateral Movement
Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.
attack.mitre.org →
Why these techniques?

Hardcoded secret enables unauth JWT forgery for admin access (T1078.004) on public PaaS app (T1190) followed by RCE via built-in SSH terminal (T1021.004).

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

Affected Assets

Mitigating Controls

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

AC-9 Previous Logon Notification
addresses: CWE-798

Enables users to notice when hard-coded credentials have been exploited for unauthorized access.

AT-3 Role-based Training
addresses: CWE-798

Security training explicitly warns against hard-coded credentials, lowering their use in systems.

IA-1 Policy and Procedures
addresses: CWE-798

Policy and procedures prohibit hard-coded credentials in favor of managed authentication.

IA-13 Identity Providers and Authorization Servers
addresses: CWE-798

External identity providers eliminate the need for hard-coded credentials in applications.

IA-5 Authenticator Management
addresses: CWE-798

Changing default authenticators prior to first use and protecting content prevents use of hard-coded credentials.

PL-9 Central Management
addresses: CWE-798

Central credential stores and rotation policies remove the need for hard-coded credentials in configuration files or code.

PM-16 Threat Awareness Program
addresses: CWE-798

Intelligence programs surface reports of campaigns that abuse hard-coded credentials in products, prompting removal or replacement and thereby reducing successful exploitation.

PM-3 Information Security and Privacy Resources
addresses: CWE-798

Planned investment enables secure credential storage and management systems instead of hard-coded credentials.

References