Cyber Resilience

CVE-2026-8190

Command Injection in Wavlink Wl-Nu516U1 Firmware m16u1_v240425

Public PoCCommand Injection
Published
09 May 2026
Modified
24 July 2026
CVSS Score v4 2.1
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.064 93th percentile
Risk Priority 34 floored blend · peak EPSS

CVSS and EPSS are reproduced from their sources (NVD, FIRST EPSS). Risk Priority is our own derived reading, not an NVD score.

Summary

CVE-2026-8190 is a low-severity Command Injection (CWE-77) vulnerability in Wavlink Wl-Nu516U1 Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 2.1 (Low).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059); ranked in the top 7% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2026-8190 is an OS command injection vulnerability in the Wavlink NU516U1 router firmware version M16U1_V240425. It resides in the wan function of /cgi-bin/adm.cgi, where unsanitized values supplied to the ppp_username, ppp_passwd, rwan_ip, rwan_mask, and rwan_gateway parameters are passed directly to system commands.

An authenticated remote attacker with low-privileged credentials can supply crafted parameter values to execute arbitrary operating-system commands on the device. Successful exploitation grants limited control over configuration and execution context without requiring user interaction, though the CVSS vector reflects the need for prior authentication.

Public references consist of a detailed disclosure on GitHub and corresponding Vuldb entries; the vendor was notified prior to publication but no official advisory or patch information is referenced. The exploit code has been released publicly.

EPSS for the CVE rose from a low baseline to a recorded peak of 0.0106 before settling at the current value of 0.0011, indicating measurable post-disclosure interest in exploitation.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

A05:2025 Injection

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

A vulnerability was determined in Wavlink NU516U1 M16U1_V240425. Affected by this issue is the function wan of the file /cgi-bin/adm.cgi. This manipulation of the argument ppp_username/ppp_passwd/rwan_ip/rwan_mask/rwan_gateway is directly passed by the attacker/so we can control the ppp_username/ppp_passwd/rwan_ip/rwan_mask/rwan_gateway causes os command…

more

injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure.

CWE(s)
CWE-77CWE-78

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter Execution
Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.001 PowerShell Execution
Adversaries may abuse PowerShell commands and scripts for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.003 Windows Command Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse the Windows command shell for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.004 Unix Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.008 Network Device CLI Execution
Adversaries may abuse scripting or built-in command line interpreters (CLI) on network devices to execute malicious command and payloads.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.012 Hypervisor CLI Execution
Adversaries may abuse hypervisor command line interpreters (CLIs) to execute malicious commands.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-10775Same product: Wavlink Wl-Nu516U1
CVE-2026-8229Same product: Wavlink Wl-Nu516U1
CVE-2026-8192Same product: Wavlink Wl-Nu516U1
CVE-2026-8189Same product: Wavlink Wl-Nu516U1
CVE-2026-8188Same product: Wavlink Wl-Nu516U1
CVE-2026-8227Same product: Wavlink Wl-Nu516U1
CVE-2026-8191Same product: Wavlink Wl-Nu516U1
CVE-2026-8230Same product: Wavlink Wl-Nu516U1
CVE-2026-8228Same product: Wavlink Wl-Nu516U1
CVE-2025-10359Same vendor: Wavlink

Affected Assets

wavlink
wl-nu516u1 firmware
m16u1_v240425

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

—

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

—

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.2.3
  • V1.2.5
  • V1.2.8
  • V1.2.9

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

SA-11 Developer Testing and Evaluation good match

Developer testing and evaluation can discover command-construction flaws before deployment.

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match

Input validation directly stops construction of commands from untrusted data containing special elements.

AC-6 Least Privilege partial match

Least privilege reduces the permissions available to any process that could be subverted by injected commands.

CM-7 Least Functionality partial match

Least functionality restricts available OS commands and interpreters, limiting the blast radius of injection.

SA-8 Security and Privacy Engineering Principles partial match

Secure engineering principles include proper neutralization and safe command construction practices.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

PR.PS-06's SDLC practices directly require secure coding and input handling that blocks command-injection defects, yet the single broad outcome leaves many specific neutralization vectors and verification gaps unaddressed.

DE.CM-09 partial match
prevents

Runtime monitoring of software and data can detect anomalous command execution resulting from injection.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Identifying recorded vulnerabilities enables remediation of command-injection flaws before exploitation.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Routine patching/maintenance can remediate known command-injection CVEs in dependencies (partial forward) but does nothing to stop developers from introducing improper neutralization in custom code (none reverse).

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.8.25 Secure development life cycle partial match
prevents

Secure development life cycle mandates input validation and command construction practices that directly prevent command injection.

A.8.26 Application security requirements partial match
prevents

Application security requirements explicitly call for controls against injection flaws including command injection.

A.8.27 Secure system architecture and engineering principles partial match
prevents

Secure architecture principles reduce the attack surface but do not prescribe the specific neutralization techniques needed.

A.8.28 Secure coding partial match
prevents

Secure coding standards require proper escaping and parameterization of commands, directly eliminating CWE-77.

A.8.29 Security testing in development and acceptance partial match
finds

Security testing in development catches command-injection vulnerabilities before release.

References