Cyber Resilience

CVE-2019-25439

HighPublic PoC

Published: 22 February 2026

Published
22 February 2026
Modified
15 April 2026
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score v4 8.8 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.0026 17.1th percentile
Risk Priority 55 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2019-25439 is a high-severity SQL Injection (CWE-89) vulnerability. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 17.1th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).

Deeper analysis

NoviSmart CMS is affected by CVE-2019-25439, an SQL injection vulnerability (CWE-89) that enables remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL queries. The flaw occurs through the injection of malicious code via the Referer HTTP header field, with a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.2 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N), indicating high confidentiality impact, low integrity impact, and no availability impact in the vector, though denial of service is noted as possible.

Unauthenticated remote attackers can exploit this vulnerability by crafting HTTP requests with time-based SQL injection payloads in the Referer header. Successful exploitation allows extraction of sensitive database information or disruption via denial of service, requiring no user interaction or privileges.

Advisories and exploit details are documented in references including an Exploit-DB entry at https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/47152 and a VulnCheck advisory at https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/novismart-cms-sql-injection-via-referer-http-header. No specific patch or mitigation details are provided in the CVE description.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

NoviSmart CMS contains an SQL injection vulnerability that allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL queries by injecting malicious code through the Referer HTTP header field. Attackers can craft requests with time-based SQL injection payloads in the Referer header to…

more

extract sensitive database information or cause denial of service.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
Why these techniques?

SQL injection in public-facing web CMS directly enables remote exploitation of the application without authentication.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2026-24956Shared CWE-89
CVE-2026-33615Shared CWE-89
CVE-2025-28939Shared CWE-89
CVE-2021-47872Shared CWE-89
CVE-2025-28873Shared CWE-89
CVE-2019-25636Shared CWE-89
CVE-2026-32611Shared CWE-89
CVE-2026-42755Shared CWE-89
CVE-2024-53544Shared CWE-89
CVE-2026-21410Shared CWE-89

Affected Assets

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

prevent

Directly prevents SQL injection by requiring validation and sanitization of untrusted inputs like the Referer HTTP header before database query construction.

prevent

Mandates identification, reporting, and correction of the specific SQL injection flaw in NoviSmart CMS to eliminate the vulnerability.

prevent

Provides boundary protection via web application firewalls or gateways to inspect and block malicious SQL payloads in HTTP Referer headers.

References