Cyber Resilience

CVE-2021-21985

SSRF in Vmware Vcenter Server 6.5 … 7.0

CISA KEVActive ExploitationEUVD ExploitedPublic PoCRansomware-linkedSSRF
Published
26 May 2021
Modified
12 August 2026
KEV Added
03 November 2021
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 9.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.99 100.0th percentile
Risk Priority 97 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2021-21985 is a critical-severity SSRF (CWE-918) vulnerability in Vmware Vcenter Server. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Reflective Code Loading (T1620); ranked in the top 0.0% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; CISA has added it to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

The vulnerability CVE-2021-21985 is a remote code execution flaw in the vSphere Client (HTML5) caused by insufficient input validation in the Virtual SAN Health Check plug-in. This component is enabled by default in vCenter Server, and the weakness is tracked under CWEs 918, 20, and 470 with a CVSS 3.1 score of 9.8.

An unauthenticated attacker with network access to TCP port 443 can send crafted requests that result in arbitrary command execution with unrestricted privileges on the operating system hosting vCenter Server.

Public advisories and exploit references for the issue have been published by VMware and archived on Packet Storm at the listed URLs. No additional details on patch availability, exploitation in the wild, or other context are provided in the source data.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

The vSphere Client (HTML5) contains a remote code execution vulnerability due to lack of input validation in the Virtual SAN Health Check plug-in which is enabled by default in vCenter Server. A malicious actor with network access to port 443…

more

may exploit this issue to execute commands with unrestricted privileges on the underlying operating system that hosts vCenter Server.

CWE(s)
KEV Date Added
03 November 2021

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1620 Reflective Code Loading Stealth
Adversaries may reflectively load code into a process in order to conceal the execution of malicious payloads.
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1036.001 Invalid Code Signature Stealth
Adversaries may attempt to mimic features of valid code signatures to increase the chance of deceiving a user, analyst, or tool.
T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.
T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution Execution
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code.
T1210 Exploitation of Remote Services Lateral Movement
Adversaries may exploit remote services to gain unauthorized access to internal systems once inside of a network.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2021-21973Same product: Vmware Cloud Foundationboth on KEV
CVE-2021-21975Same product: Vmware Cloud Foundationboth on KEV
CVE-2021-22054Same vendor: Vmwareboth on KEV
CVE-2024-38811Same vendor: Vmware
CVE-2021-21978Same vendor: Vmware
CVE-2022-29499Shared CWE-20both on KEV
CVE-2017-12234Shared CWE-20both on KEV
CVE-2021-35247Shared CWE-20both on KEV
CVE-2020-0041Shared CWE-20both on KEV
CVE-2023-36761Shared CWE-20both on KEV

Affected Assets

vmware
vcenter server
6.5, 6.7, 7.0
vmware
cloud foundation
3.0 — 3.10.2.1 · 4.0 — 4.2.1

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)
  • 6 hardening rules · 3 OS baselines
Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.3.6
  • V1.5.3
  • V5.3.2
  • V10.4.7

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

addresses: CWE-20 CWE-918

Directly implements checks on information inputs to reject invalid data before processing.

addresses: CWE-918

Penetration testing attempts server-side requests to internal resources, identifying SSRF weaknesses for remediation.

addresses: CWE-20

Security testing and developer training directly verify and enforce proper input validation, reducing exploitability of injection and malformed-data weaknesses.

addresses: CWE-20

Security testing and evaluation at multiple SDLC stages directly detects missing or flawed input validation, with the required remediation process ensuring fixes are applied.

addresses: CWE-470

Externally controlled class or code selection can be resolved and invoked inside the chamber, surfacing unsafe reflection without system impact.

addresses: CWE-918

Outbound connections to external resources can be monitored and limited at the boundary, reducing SSRF impact.

addresses: CWE-918

Detects server-side request forgery through monitoring of unexpected outbound connections.

addresses: CWE-20

Spam protection mechanisms perform filtering and detection on inbound/outbound messages, directly compensating for missing or weak input validation of unsolicited content.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure development practices directly include input validation and destination allow-listing that prevent SSRF.

DE.CM-09 partial match
prevents

Runtime monitoring of web applications and services can detect anomalous outbound requests indicative of SSRF.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Vulnerability identification processes can discover and record SSRF flaws in web applications.

PR.IR-01 partial match
prevents

Network segmentation and egress controls can limit the damage from successful SSRF requests.

PR.PS-05 partial match
prevents

Preventing execution of unauthorized code can block exploitation of unsafe reflection at runtime.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

prevents

Secure coding standards directly forbid unsafe reflection and require whitelisting or static alternatives.

finds

Testing against a defined set of requirements and using code review plus vulnerability scanning forces validation of inputs and handling of unanticipated conditions, reducing the chance that malformed data will be accepted.

prevents

Operational threat data describing SSRF campaigns can be used to tighten outbound-request allow-lists and detection rules before attackers exploit them.

prevents

Secure-coding guidelines and mandatory security testing (including code scans) compel developers to validate and sanitize inputs at design and implementation time, lowering the incidence of malformed or malicious data reaching downstream components.

prevents

Mandating input controls that include integrity checks and input validation ensures that untrusted data is examined before use, blocking the root cause of many injection and malformed-data weaknesses.

prevents

Security-by-design principles explicitly call for data validation and sanitization at every layer, reducing the chance that malformed or malicious input will be processed without scrutiny.

Hardening callouts derived

Configuration rules from DISA STIG baselines that bear on weaknesses of the type cited by this CVE. Each rule is shown with the relationship its mapping actually records, against the CWE it was authored against. Derived via CVE→CWE over `controls_xwalks` (authoritative rows only; rows rated `none` are excluded).

RHEL 8 (1 rule)
  • V-230265 RHEL 8 must prevent the installation of software, patches, service packs, device drivers, or operating system components of local packages without verification they have been digitally signed using a certificate that is issued by a Certificate Authority (CA) that is recognized and approved by the organization. prevents CWE-20

References