Cyber Resilience

CVE-2023-25664

Memory Safety in Google Tensorflow ≤ 2.12.0

Published
25 March 2023
Modified
21 November 2024
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 7.5
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0042 34th percentile
Risk Priority 57 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2023-25664 is a high-severity Classic Buffer Overflow (CWE-120) vulnerability in Google Tensorflow. Its CVSS base score is 7.5 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068); ranked at the 34th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

This vulnerability is AI-related — categorised as Deep Learning Frameworks.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

TensorFlow is an open source platform for machine learning. Prior to versions 2.12.0 and 2.11.1, there is a heap buffer overflow in TAvgPoolGrad. A fix is included in TensorFlow 2.12.0 and 2.11.1.

CWE(s)

AI Security AnalysisAI

AI Category
Deep Learning Frameworks
Risk Domain
N/A
OWASP Top 10 for LLMs 2025
None mapped
Classification Reason
Matched keywords: tensorflow, machine learning, tensorflow

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution Execution
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code.
T1210 Exploitation of Remote Services Lateral Movement
Adversaries may exploit remote services to gain unauthorized access to internal systems once inside of a network.
T1212 Exploitation for Credential Access Credential Access
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to collect credentials.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2023-25668Same product: Google Tensorflow
CVE-2026-2648Same vendor: Google
CVE-2025-4096Same vendor: Google
CVE-2024-34727Same vendor: Google
CVE-2025-32318Same vendor: Google
CVE-2026-0129Same vendor: Google
CVE-2024-49714Same vendor: Google
CVE-2024-47032Same vendor: Google
CVE-2026-6361Same vendor: Google
CVE-2026-0006Same vendor: Google

Affected Assets

google
tensorflow
≤ 2.12.0

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V5.2.1
  • V1.4.1

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

addresses: CWE-120

Platform-independent managed code eliminates the need for unchecked native buffer copies that are the root cause of classic buffer overflows.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 full match
prevents

Secure-development practices directly require bounds checking and safe memory handling that prevent heap overflows.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Vulnerability identification processes such as code review or scanning detect classic buffer overflows before exploitation.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Routine patching replaces vulnerable code containing unchecked buffer copies with corrected versions.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

prevents

Secure coding directly requires bounds-checked memory operations, addressing the root cause of CWE-120.

finds

Security testing in development and acceptance can detect buffer overflows through fuzzing and static analysis, though it does not prevent them at the source.

prevents

Secure development life cycle mandates processes that can include input validation and bounds checking to prevent buffer overflows.

prevents

Application security requirements can specify input-size validation and safe buffer handling to mitigate classic buffer overflows.

prevents

Secure system architecture and engineering principles promote defensive coding patterns that reduce the likelihood of unchecked buffer copies.

none

Change management ensures controlled deployment of fixes for discovered heap-overflow vulnerabilities.

References