Security Resilience

CVE-2023-28341

XSS in Zohocorp Manageengine Applications Manager 16.0 – 16.3

High EPSSXSS
Published
11 April 2023
Modified
10 February 2025
Patch / advisory
View advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 6.1
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
EPSS Score 0.99 99.9th percentile
Risk Priority 73 floored blend · peak EPSS

CVSS and EPSS are reproduced from their sources (NVD, FIRST EPSS). Risk Priority is our own derived reading, not an NVD score.

Summary

CVE-2023-28341 is a medium-severity Cross-site Scripting (CWE-79) vulnerability in Zohocorp Manageengine Applications Manager. Its CVSS base score is 6.1 (Medium).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Protocol or Service Impersonation (T1001.003); ranked in the top 0.1% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2023-28341 is a stored cross-site scripting vulnerability, tracked under CWE-79, that affects Zoho ManageEngine Applications Manager through version 16340. The flaw resides in the incorrect login details page and permits injection of malicious JavaScript without authentication. It carries a CVSS 3.1 base score of 6.1 reflecting network attack vector, low complexity, and required user interaction with changed scope.

An unauthenticated attacker can supply crafted input that is stored and later rendered for other users who visit the login-error page, enabling execution of arbitrary script in the victim's browser context. Successful exploitation can disclose limited information or perform actions on behalf of the targeted user within the application's origin.

Vendor advisories published by ManageEngine at manageengine.com and the dedicated security-updates page for CVE-2023-28341 describe available patches and configuration guidance for affected installations.

EPSS for this CVE rose from low values to a peak of 0.8643 on 2025-12-11 before receding to the current score of 0.6197, indicating that exploitation interest increased measurably after public disclosure.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

A05:2025 Injection

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Stored Cross site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Zoho ManageEngine Applications Manager through 16340 allows an unauthenticated user to inject malicious javascript on the incorrect login details page.

CWE(s)
CWE-79

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1001.003 Protocol or Service Impersonation Command And Control
Adversaries may impersonate legitimate protocols or web service traffic to disguise command and control activity and thwart analysis efforts.
attack.mitre.org →
T1003.004 LSA Secrets Credential Access
Adversaries with SYSTEM access to a host may attempt to access Local Security Authority (LSA) secrets, which can contain a variety of different credential materials, such as credentials for service accounts.
attack.mitre.org →
T1003.005 Cached Domain Credentials Credential Access
Adversaries may attempt to access cached domain credentials used to allow authentication to occur in the event a domain controller is unavailable.
attack.mitre.org →
T1007 System Service Discovery Discovery
Adversaries may try to gather information about registered local system services.
attack.mitre.org →
T1011 Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium Exfiltration
Adversaries may attempt to exfiltrate data over a different network medium than the command and control channel.
attack.mitre.org →
T1012 Query Registry Discovery
Adversaries may interact with the Windows Registry to gather information about the system, configuration, and installed software.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2023-29442Same product: Zohocorp Manageengine Applications Manager
CVE-2023-38333Same product: Zohocorp Manageengine Applications Manager
CVE-2023-37308Same product class: network monitoring / SIEM
CVE-2023-23078Same product class: network monitoring / SIEM
CVE-2023-38331Same product class: network monitoring / SIEM
CVE-2023-23073Same product class: network monitoring / SIEM
CVE-2023-23074Same product class: network monitoring / SIEM
CVE-2023-23077Same product class: network monitoring / SIEM
CVE-2023-23075Same product class: network monitoring / SIEM
CVE-2022-47523Same product class: network monitoring / SIEM

Affected Assets

zohocorp
manageengine applications manager
15.9, 16.3 · 16.0 — 16.3

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

—

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

—

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.1.2
  • V1.3.2

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

CA-8 Penetration Testing
addresses: CWE-79

Penetration testing submits XSS payloads to web applications, detecting cross-site scripting flaws for subsequent remediation.

SI-10 Information Input Validation
addresses: CWE-79

Validates web inputs to reject script-related content that could produce XSS.

SI-15 Information Output Filtering
addresses: CWE-79

Output validation against expected content can reject or sanitize script content in generated web pages, reducing XSS exploitability.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
blocks

Secure SDLC practices directly target introduction of XSS via coding standards/testing (mostly), yet the single broad outcome leaves many specific neutralization vectors unaddressed (partial).

PR.PS-02 partial match
blocks

Patching and EOL replacement can remediate known XSS instances in libraries or frameworks (partial) but do nothing to enforce input neutralization in application code (none).

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.5.14 Information transfer partial match
removes
A.5.15 Access control partial match
removes
A.5.16 Identity management partial match
removes
A.5.17 Authentication information partial match
removes
A.5.18 Access rights partial match
removes
A.5.6 Contact with special interest groups partial match
blocks

A.5.6 only promotes membership in groups to improve knowledge, receive alerts, and share information; it performs no action that stops XSS exploitation (or even the underlying neutralization defect) and is a pure dependency for other controls per the owner's labeling rule.

References