Security Resilience

CVE-2023-37931

SQLi in Fortinet Fortivoice 6.0.0 – 6.4.9

SQLi
Published
14 January 2025
Modified
22 July 2025
Patch / advisory
View advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 8.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0080 56th percentile
Risk Priority 65 floored blend · peak EPSS

CVSS and EPSS are reproduced from their sources (NVD, FIRST EPSS). Risk Priority is our own derived reading, not an NVD score.

Summary

CVE-2023-37931 is a high-severity SQL Injection (CWE-89) vulnerability in Fortinet Fortivoice. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Protocol or Service Impersonation (T1001.003); ranked in the top 44% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2023-37931 is a SQL injection vulnerability (CWE-89) in FortiVoice Enterprise versions 7.0.0 through 7.0.1 and before 6.4.8. The flaw stems from improper neutralization of special elements used in an SQL command, allowing an authenticated attacker to execute a blind SQL injection attack by sending crafted HTTP or HTTPS requests. It has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H), indicating high severity due to its potential for significant impact.

An attacker requires low-privilege authenticated access (PR:L) to exploit the vulnerability over the network (AV:N) with low attack complexity and no user interaction. Exploitation enables a blind SQL injection, potentially allowing the attacker to extract sensitive data, modify database contents, or disrupt system availability, achieving high levels of confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact.

The FortiGuard PSIRT advisory FG-IR-23-220 provides details on mitigation and patches; security practitioners should consult https://fortiguard.com/psirt/FG-IR-23-220 for upgrade guidance and remediation steps.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

A05:2025 Injection

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

An improper neutralization of special elements used in an sql command ('sql injection') vulnerability [CWE-88] in FortiVoice Entreprise version 7.0.0 through 7.0.1 and before 6.4.8 allows an authenticated attacker to perform a blind sql injection attack via sending crafted HTTP…

more

or HTTPS requests

CWE(s)
CWE-89

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1001.003 Protocol or Service Impersonation Command And Control
Adversaries may impersonate legitimate protocols or web service traffic to disguise command and control activity and thwart analysis efforts.
attack.mitre.org →
T1003 OS Credential Dumping Credential Access
Adversaries may attempt to dump credentials to obtain account login and credential material, normally in the form of a hash or a clear text password.
attack.mitre.org →
T1003.001 LSASS Memory Credential Access
Adversaries may attempt to access credential material stored in the process memory of the Local Security Authority Subsystem Service (LSASS).
attack.mitre.org →
T1003.002 Security Account Manager Credential Access
Adversaries may attempt to extract credential material from the Security Account Manager (SAM) database either through in-memory techniques or through the Windows Registry where the SAM database is stored.
attack.mitre.org →
T1003.003 NTDS Credential Access
Adversaries may attempt to access or create a copy of the Active Directory domain database in order to steal credential information, as well as obtain other information about domain members such as devices, users, and access rights.
attack.mitre.org →
T1005 Data from Local System Collection
Adversaries may search local system sources, such as file systems, configuration files, local databases, virtual machine files, or process memory, to find files of interest and sensitive data prior to Exfiltration.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2024-31495Same vendor: Fortinet
CVE-2023-23775Same vendor: Fortinet
CVE-2023-34991Same vendor: Fortinet
CVE-2023-48788Same vendor: Fortinet
CVE-2024-0470Shared CWE-89
CVE-2023-25047Shared CWE-89
CVE-2023-4037Shared CWE-89
CVE-2024-4808Shared CWE-89
CVE-2023-4443Shared CWE-89
CVE-2024-9091Shared CWE-89

Affected Assets

fortinet
fortivoice
6.0.0 — 6.4.9 · 7.0.0 — 7.0.2

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

—

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

—

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V6.2.5

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

SA-11 Developer Testing and Evaluation good match

Developer testing and evaluation can discover SQLi flaws before deployment but does not stop their introduction.

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match

Input validation directly stops untrusted data from reaching SQL query construction without neutralization.

SA-8 Security and Privacy Engineering Principles partial match

Secure engineering principles require parameterized queries and input sanitization that structurally eliminate SQLi.

SI-4 System Monitoring partial match

System monitoring can identify attempted SQLi exploitation via anomalous queries after the weakness exists.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
blocks

Secure SDLC practices directly target injection flaws during coding and review so largely prevent CWE-89 introduction, yet the single broad outcome leaves residual risk from incomplete neutralization techniques or missed edge cases.

PR.AT-02 partial match
blocks

Training raises developer awareness of SQLi risks and can reduce introduction likelihood (partial) but removes none of the actual coding flaw's risk by itself since technical neutralization is still required.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.5.14 Information transfer partial match
removes
A.5.15 Access control partial match
removes
A.5.16 Identity management partial match
removes
A.5.17 Authentication information partial match
removes
A.5.18 Access rights partial match
removes
A.5.6 Contact with special interest groups partial match
blocks

A.5.6 only improves knowledge flow, awareness of threats/patches and access to specialist advice; it does not stop SQL injection from being exploitable in code that still contains the flaw.

References