Cyber Resilience

CVE-2024-32388

Kerlink Keros 5.0 – 5.12

Published
01 December 2025
Modified
23 December 2025
Patch / advisory
View advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 5.3
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
EPSS Score 0.012 65th percentile
Risk Priority 47 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2024-32388 is a medium-severity Resource Leak (CWE-402) vulnerability in Kerlink Keros. Its CVSS base score is 5.3 (Medium).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique ARP Cache Poisoning (T1557.002); ranked in the top 35% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to AC-17 (Remote Access) and AC-3 (Access Enforcement) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

A01:2025 Broken Access ControlA07:2025 Authentication Failures

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Due to a firewall misconfiguration, Kerlink devices running KerOS prior to 5.12 incorrectly accept specially crafted UDP packets. This allows an attacker to bypass the firewall and access UDP-based services that would otherwise be protected.

CWE(s)
CWE-402CWE-940

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1557.002 ARP Cache Poisoning Credential Access
Adversaries may poison Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) caches to position themselves between the communication of two or more networked devices.
attack.mitre.org →
T1557 Adversary-in-the-Middle Credential Access
Adversaries may attempt to position themselves between two or more networked devices using an adversary-in-the-middle (AiTM) technique to support follow-on behaviors such as [Network Sniffing](https://attack.
attack.mitre.org →
T1557.001 Name Resolution Poisoning and SMB Relay Credential Access
By responding to LLMNR/NBT-NS/mDNS network traffic, adversaries may spoof an authoritative source for name resolution to force communication with an adversary controlled system.
attack.mitre.org →
T1557.003 DHCP Spoofing Credential Access
Adversaries may redirect network traffic to adversary-owned systems by spoofing Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) traffic and acting as a malicious DHCP server on the victim network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1005 Data from Local System Collection
Adversaries may search local system sources, such as file systems, configuration files, local databases, virtual machine files, or process memory, to find files of interest and sensitive data prior to Exfiltration.
attack.mitre.org →
T1039 Data from Network Shared Drive Collection
Adversaries may search network shares on computers they have compromised to find files of interest.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2024-39148Same product: Kerlink Keros
CVE-2024-32384Same product: Kerlink Keros
CVE-2025-29925Shared CWE-402
CVE-2025-66422Shared CWE-402
CVE-2024-47146Shared CWE-402
CVE-2025-32360Shared CWE-402
CVE-2024-29900Shared CWE-402
CVE-2023-38509Shared CWE-402
CVE-2025-0502Shared CWE-402
CVE-2025-55014Shared CWE-402

Affected Assets

kerlink
keros
5.0 — 5.12

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

—

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)
  • 2 hardening rules · 2 OS baselines
Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V3.5.8
  • V3.5.3
  • V10.6.2
  • V15.2.4

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement good match

Explicitly enforces information-flow rules that block private resources from reaching unauthorized external spheres.

IA-3 Device Identification and Authentication good match

IA-3 requires unique identification and authentication of devices before any communication channel is established, directly stopping acceptance of unverified origins.

AC-17 Remote Access good match

AC-17 mandates documented restrictions and authentication requirements for remote access, blocking channels whose origins are not properly verified.

AC-3 Access Enforcement good match

Enforces approved authorizations so private resources cannot be transmitted outside their intended sphere.

SC-23 Session Authenticity partial match

SC-23 protects session authenticity, ensuring the source of an established communication channel is verified and cannot be spoofed.

SC-7 Boundary Protection partial match

Boundary controls monitor and restrict communications that would otherwise leak private resources.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.AA-03 full match
prevents

Authentication of users/services/hardware directly enforces source verification for communication channels.

PR.AA-04 mostly match
prevents

Verifying identity assertions prevents spoofed channel origins but does not cover all channel-establishment scenarios.

PR.AA-05 mostly match
prevents

Enforcing least-privilege access permissions directly prevents private resources from being exposed outside their intended sphere.

PR.IR-01 mostly match
prevents

Logical segmentation and unauthorized-access protections stop resources from leaking into untrusted domains.

PR.DS-01 partial match
prevents

Encryption of data-at-rest reduces the value of any leaked resource but does not address the transmission flaw itself.

PR.DS-02 partial match
prevents

Protecting data-in-transit mitigates exposure during movement yet does not prevent the underlying boundary violation.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.8.3 Information access restriction full match
prevents

Information-access-restriction directly prevents private resources from being exposed beyond intended boundaries.

A.5.15 Access control mostly match
prevents

Access-control mechanisms limit who can receive resources that should remain internal.

A.5.18 Access rights mostly match
prevents

Managing access rights helps ensure resources are not granted to untrusted parties.

A.8.12 Data leakage prevention mostly match
finds

Data-leakage-prevention technologies specifically block unintended transmission of sensitive resources.

A.8.5 Secure authentication mostly match
prevents

Secure authentication mechanisms verify the identity and origin of communication channel initiators.

A.5.14 Information transfer partial match
mitigates

Information-transfer rules can prevent unintended disclosure of private resources outside the product.

Hardening callouts derived

Configuration rules from DISA STIG baselines that bear on weaknesses of the type cited by this CVE. Each rule is shown with the relationship its mapping actually records, against the CWE it was authored against. Derived via CVE→CWE over `controls_xwalks` (authoritative rows only; rows rated `none` are excluded).

Oracle Linux 8 (1 rule)
  • V-248579 OL 8 must restrict access to the kernel message buffer. prevents CWE-402
Oracle Linux 9 (1 rule)
  • V-271745 OL 9 must restrict access to the kernel message buffer. prevents CWE-402

References