Cyber Resilience

CVE-2024-42009

XSS in Roundcube Webmail ≤ 1.5.8

CISA KEVActive ExploitationEUVD ExploitedXSS
Published
05 August 2024
Modified
04 November 2025
KEV Added
09 June 2025
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 9.3
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N
EPSS Score 0.80 99.6th percentile
Risk Priority 89 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2024-42009 is a critical-severity Cross-site Scripting (CWE-79) vulnerability in Roundcube Webmail. Its CVSS base score is 9.3 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Keylogging (T1056.001); ranked in the top 0.4% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; CISA has added it to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-15 (Information Output Filtering) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2024-42009 is a cross-site scripting vulnerability affecting Roundcube webmail versions through 1.5.7 and 1.6.x through 1.6.7. It stems from insufficient sanitization in the message_body() function within program/actions/mail/show.php, which processes email content and permits script execution when a specially crafted message is rendered.

An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit the flaw by sending a malicious email to a victim user. Successful exploitation allows the attacker to hijack the victim's Roundcube session, enabling theft of emails and the ability to send messages from the compromised account with CVSS 9.3 impact reflecting high confidentiality and integrity consequences across affected instances.

Roundcube has released versions 1.5.8 and 1.6.8 to address the issue, as detailed in the project's security announcements and GitHub release notes. The associated EPSS score of 0.9141 indicates substantial exploitation likelihood, and external analysis has highlighted risks to government email systems using the affected software.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

A Cross-Site Scripting vulnerability in Roundcube through 1.5.7 and 1.6.x through 1.6.7 allows a remote attacker to steal and send emails of a victim via a crafted e-mail message that abuses a Desanitization issue in message_body() in program/actions/mail/show.php.

CWE(s)
KEV Date Added
09 June 2025

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1056.001 Keylogging Collection
Adversaries may log user keystrokes to intercept credentials as the user types them.
T1059.007 JavaScript Execution
Adversaries may abuse various implementations of JavaScript for execution.
T1078 Valid Accounts Stealth
Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of existing accounts as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion.
T1114 Email Collection Collection
Adversaries may target user email to collect sensitive information.
T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution Execution
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code.
T1539 Steal Web Session Cookie Credential Access
An adversary may steal web application or service session cookies and use them to gain access to web applications or Internet services as an authenticated user without needing credentials.
T1555.003 Credentials from Web Browsers Credential Access
Adversaries may acquire credentials from web browsers by reading files specific to the target browser.
Why these techniques?

XSS vulnerability enables arbitrary JS execution (T1059.007, T1203) in authenticated webmail context when viewing crafted emails, facilitating keylogging (T1056.001), stealing web session cookies/credentials from browsers (T1539, T1555.003), email collection (T1114), and abuse of valid accounts to send emails (T1078).

Likely ATT&CK TechniquesAI

Techniques this vulnerability likely enables, inferred from its description, weakness type, and attributed-actor tradecraft. Confidence is per-technique.

T1566.001 Spearphishing Attachment Initial Accessconfidence: HIGH
Malicious email with XSS payload is sent to the victim to trigger the vulnerability.
T1189 Drive-by Compromise Initial Accessconfidence: HIGH
Drive-by compromise via malicious email rendered in Roundcube webmail.
T1556 Modify Authentication Process Defense Impairmentconfidence: MEDIUM
Session hijacking via XSS enables theft of web session cookies or tokens.
T1114.002 Remote Email Collection Collectionconfidence: HIGH
Compromised session allows remote collection of emails from the victim's mailbox.
T1534 Internal Spearphishing Lateral Movementconfidence: MEDIUM
Hijacked account can be used to send internal spearphishing emails from the victim.
inferred from description + CWE · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2023-43770Same product: Roundcube Webmailboth on KEV
CVE-2020-35730Same product: Roundcube Webmailboth on KEV
CVE-2023-5631Same product: Roundcube Webmailboth on KEV
CVE-2020-13965Same product: Roundcube Webmailboth on KEV
CVE-2023-47272Same product: Roundcube Webmail
CVE-2023-37580Same product class: email / collaborationboth on KEV
CVE-2022-27926Same product class: email / collaborationboth on KEV
CVE-2023-34192Same product class: email / collaborationboth on KEV
CVE-2018-6882Same product class: email / collaborationboth on KEV
CVE-2023-43102Same product class: email / collaboration

Affected Assets

roundcube
webmail
≤ 1.5.8 · 1.6.0 — 1.6.8

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)
  • SI-10 Information Input Validation
  • SI-15 Information Output Filtering
  • SI-3 Malicious Code Protection
Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)
  • SI-3 Malicious Code Protection
Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.1.2
  • V1.3.2

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

prevent

Directly requires validation and sanitization of untrusted input (email message body) before rendering, which is the exact root cause in message_body().

prevent

Requires filtering of information output to users, preventing the desanitized script content from executing in the victim's browser.

preventdetect

Provides mechanisms to detect and block malicious code delivered via email messages before it reaches the rendering function.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices directly target introduction of XSS via coding standards/testing (mostly), yet the single broad outcome leaves many specific neutralization vectors unaddressed (partial).

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Patching and EOL replacement can remediate known XSS instances in libraries or frameworks (partial) but do nothing to enforce input neutralization in application code (none).

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

detects

Secure-coding testing and automated code-analysis tools are applied to detect improper neutralization of script-related content during web-page generation.

prevents

Knowledge exchange on emerging attack techniques and patches reduces the likelihood that cross-site scripting flaws remain unaddressed in deployed applications.

prevents

Operational indicators of compromise for web-application attacks can be incorporated into WAF or input-filtering rules, lowering the likelihood that unsanitized data reaches the browser.

prevents

Requiring language-specific secure-coding standards and automated scanning during the SDLC catches missing output encoding or improper neutralization of untrusted data before the software reaches production.

prevents

Secure-coding standards, SAST scans and removal of insecure code samples together eliminate the failure to neutralize script content that produces cross-site scripting flaws.

none

Webpage malware scanning and block-listing of known malicious sites reduce the likelihood that reflected or stored script payloads reach a user’s browser.

References