Cyber Resilience

CVE-2024-49138

Memory Safety in Microsoft Windows 10 21H2 ≤ 10.0.19044.5247

CISA KEVActive ExploitationEUVD ExploitedPublic PoCMemory Safety
Published
12 December 2024
Modified
28 October 2025
KEV Added
10 December 2024
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 7.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.25 98th percentile
Risk Priority 83 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2024-49138 is a high-severity Heap-based Buffer Overflow (CWE-122) vulnerability in Microsoft Windows 10 21H2. Its CVSS base score is 7.8 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068); ranked in the top 2% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; CISA has added it to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2024-49138 is an elevation of privilege vulnerability in the Windows Common Log File System Driver. It carries a CVSS 3.1 score of 7.8 and is associated with CWE-122, indicating a likely heap-based buffer overflow that allows an attacker to corrupt memory and escalate privileges on an affected system.

A local attacker with low privileges can exploit the flaw without user interaction to obtain full control over the target Windows system, compromising confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Public exploit code has been published on Exploit-DB and PacketStorm, confirming the attack path is practical for anyone with local access.

Microsoft's advisory at msrc.microsoft.com details the issue and available patches, while CISA has added CVE-2024-49138 to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog, indicating confirmed in-the-wild exploitation. The EPSS score has reached a peak of 0.8744 with a current value of 0.8695, reflecting sustained and substantial exploitation interest following disclosure.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Windows Common Log File System Driver Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

CWE(s)
KEV Date Added
10 December 2024

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution Execution
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code.
T1210 Exploitation of Remote Services Lateral Movement
Adversaries may exploit remote services to gain unauthorized access to internal systems once inside of a network.
T1212 Exploitation for Credential Access Credential Access
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to collect credentials.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-24993Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507both on KEV
CVE-2025-21418Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1607both on KEV
CVE-2025-24985Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507both on KEV
CVE-2025-49732Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21240Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21223Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21286Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21371Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21305Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2024-43627Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507

Affected Assets

microsoft
windows 10 1507
≤ 10.0.10240.20857 · ≤ 10.0.10240.20857
microsoft
windows 10 1607
≤ 10.0.14393.7606 · ≤ 10.0.14393.7606
microsoft
windows 10 1809
≤ 10.0.17763.6659 · ≤ 10.0.17763.6659
microsoft
windows 10 21h2
≤ 10.0.19044.5247 · ≤ 10.0.19044.5247 · ≤ 10.0.19044.5247
microsoft
windows 10 22h2
≤ 10.0.19045.5247 · ≤ 10.0.19045.5247 · ≤ 10.0.19045.5247
microsoft
windows 11 22h2
≤ 10.0.22621.4602 · ≤ 10.0.22621.4602
microsoft
windows 11 23h2
≤ 10.0.22631.4602 · ≤ 10.0.22631.4602
microsoft
windows 11 24h2
≤ 10.0.26100.2605 · ≤ 10.0.26100.2605
microsoft
windows server 2008
all versions, r2, sp2
microsoft
windows server 2012
all versions, r2
+5 more product configuration(s) — see NVD for full list

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.4.1

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

Developer testing and evaluation (including fuzzing and memory-error detectors) can discover heap overflows after they have been coded.

Input validation enforces bounds checking on data written to heap buffers, directly stopping the overflow condition from being introduced.

Security engineering principles require use of memory-safe constructs and bounds-checked allocation routines that avoid introducing heap overflows.

Memory-protection mechanisms limit the ability of a heap overflow to execute attacker-controlled code or corrupt adjacent structures.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 full match
prevents

Secure-development practices directly require bounds checking and safe memory handling that prevent heap overflows.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Vulnerability scanning and recording can discover heap-overflow flaws but does not prevent their introduction in code.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Timely patching removes known heap-overflow instances after they exist.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

finds

Security testing in development and acceptance can detect heap overflows before release.

prevents

Secure development lifecycle mandates practices that reduce the likelihood of introducing heap overflows.

prevents

Application security requirements can specify bounds-checking and safe memory APIs that mitigate heap overflows.

prevents

Secure architecture and engineering principles include memory-safety and input-validation controls that address heap overflows.

prevents

Secure coding standards directly prescribe techniques (safe functions, bounds checks) that prevent heap-based buffer overflows.

none

Change management ensures controlled deployment of fixes for discovered heap-overflow vulnerabilities.

References