Cyber Posture

CVE-2025-21250

High

Published: 14 January 2025

Published
14 January 2025
Modified
24 January 2025
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score 8.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0090 75.8th percentile
Risk Priority 18 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-21250 is a high-severity Heap-based Buffer Overflow (CWE-122) vulnerability in Microsoft Windows 10 1507. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation of Remote Services (T1210); ranked in the top 24.2% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-2 (Flaw Remediation) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Exploitation of Remote Services (T1210). What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.
Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

prevent

Directly requires timely patching of the specific buffer overflow vulnerability in Windows Telephony Service to prevent remote code execution.

prevent

Provides memory protections such as ASLR and DEP that mitigate exploitation of the buffer overflow leading to RCE in the service.

prevent

Enforces input validation to counter buffer overflows triggered by crafted content processed by the Windows Telephony Service.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1210 Exploitation of Remote Services Lateral Movement
Adversaries may exploit remote services to gain unauthorized access to internal systems once inside of a network.
Why these techniques?

RCE in remotely accessible Windows Telephony Service directly maps to exploitation of remote services.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1

NVD Description

Windows Telephony Service Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-21250 is a Remote Code Execution vulnerability in the Windows Telephony Service, a component of Microsoft Windows operating systems. Published on 2025-01-14, it carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) and is associated with CWE-122, indicating a likely buffer overflow issue with insufficient additional details from NVD-CWE-noinfo.

The vulnerability can be exploited over the network by unauthenticated remote attackers with low complexity, but requires user interaction, such as clicking a malicious link or processing crafted content. Successful exploitation enables arbitrary code execution on the affected system under the context and privileges of the Windows Telephony Service, granting high-impact access to compromise confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

Microsoft's update guide at https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-21250 provides details on available patches and mitigation recommendations, which security practitioners should apply promptly to affected Windows systems.

Details

CWE(s)

Affected Products

microsoft
windows 10 1507
≤ 10.0.10240.20890 · ≤ 10.0.10240.20890
microsoft
windows 10 1607
≤ 10.0.14393.7699 · ≤ 10.0.14393.7699
microsoft
windows 10 1809
≤ 10.0.17763.6775 · ≤ 10.0.17763.6775
microsoft
windows 10 21h2
≤ 10.0.19044.5371
microsoft
windows 10 22h2
≤ 10.0.19045.5371
microsoft
windows 11 22h2
≤ 10.0.22621.4751
microsoft
windows 11 23h2
≤ 10.0.22631.4751
microsoft
windows 11 24h2
≤ 10.0.26100.2894
microsoft
windows server 2008
all versions, r2
microsoft
windows server 2012
all versions, r2
+5 more product configuration(s) — see NVD for full list

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-21223Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21236Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21200Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-24051Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21282Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21306Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21286Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21252Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21248Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21417Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507

References