CVE-2025-21223
Published: 14 January 2025
Summary
CVE-2025-21223 is a high-severity Heap-based Buffer Overflow (CWE-122) vulnerability in Microsoft Windows 10 1507. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation of Remote Services (T1210); ranked in the top 23.8% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-16 (Memory Protection) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).
Deeper analysis
Windows Telephony Service is affected by CVE-2025-21223, a remote code execution vulnerability disclosed on 2025-01-14. The flaw carries a CVSS 3.1 base score of 8.8 and is associated with CWE-122, indicating a heap-based buffer overflow condition within the service.
An unauthenticated attacker can trigger the vulnerability over the network with low attack complexity and no privileges required, provided the victim performs a single user interaction such as opening a crafted document or visiting a malicious link. Successful exploitation grants the attacker the ability to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the Telephony Service, resulting in full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact on the affected Windows system.
Microsoft has published an advisory for CVE-2025-21223 at the Microsoft Security Response Center that addresses the issue. The associated EPSS score remains low, with a current value of 0.0090 and a recorded peak of 0.0121.
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-2290
Vulnerability details
Windows Telephony Service Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI
Why these techniques?
Heap buffer overflow in Windows Telephony Service directly enables remote exploitation of the service for arbitrary code execution (T1210).
CVEs Like This One
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI
Flaw remediation directly addresses the heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Telephony Service by applying patches to prevent remote code execution.
Memory protection mechanisms like ASLR and DEP mitigate heap-based buffer overflow exploitation by preventing arbitrary code execution in the vulnerable service.
Information input validation restricts malformed inputs to the Windows Telephony Service that could trigger the buffer overflow leading to RCE.