CVE-2025-21223
Published: 14 January 2025
Summary
CVE-2025-21223 is a high-severity Heap-based Buffer Overflow (CWE-122) vulnerability in Microsoft Windows 10 1507. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation of Remote Services (T1210); ranked in the top 28.6% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-16 (Memory Protection) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).
Threat & Defense at a Glance
Threat & Defense Details
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI
Flaw remediation directly addresses the heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Telephony Service by applying patches to prevent remote code execution.
Memory protection mechanisms like ASLR and DEP mitigate heap-based buffer overflow exploitation by preventing arbitrary code execution in the vulnerable service.
Information input validation restricts malformed inputs to the Windows Telephony Service that could trigger the buffer overflow leading to RCE.
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI
Why these techniques?
Heap buffer overflow in Windows Telephony Service directly enables remote exploitation of the service for arbitrary code execution (T1210).
NVD Description
Windows Telephony Service Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Deeper analysisAI
CVE-2025-21223 is a Remote Code Execution vulnerability in the Windows Telephony Service, stemming from CWE-122 (Heap-based Buffer Overflow) with additional details classified as NVD-CWE-noinfo. Published on 2025-01-14T18:15:33.947, it carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H), indicating high severity due to its potential for significant impact across confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
The vulnerability can be exploited remotely over the network by an unauthenticated attacker with no privileges required, though it demands user interaction to succeed. Successful exploitation enables arbitrary code execution on the target system with the privileges of the affected service, potentially leading to full system compromise given the high impact ratings.
Mitigation details are available in the Microsoft Security Response Center advisory at https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-21223.
Details
- CWE(s)