CVE-2025-47981
Published: 08 July 2025
Summary
CVE-2025-47981 is a critical-severity Heap-based Buffer Overflow (CWE-122) vulnerability in Microsoft Windows 10 1507. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 12.9% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 RA-5 (Vulnerability Monitoring and Scanning) and SI-16 (Memory Protection).
Threat & Defense at a Glance
Threat & Defense Details
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI
Directly requires identification, reporting, and correction of the heap-based buffer overflow flaw in Windows SPNEGO Extended Negotiation through timely patching.
Implements memory safeguards such as DEP and ASLR to protect against unauthorized code execution from heap-based buffer overflow exploits in SPNEGO.
Scans for and remediates vulnerabilities like CVE-2025-47981 in Windows SPNEGO to identify and prioritize patching before network exploitation.
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI
Why these techniques?
Network-accessible unauthenticated heap buffer overflow enabling RCE in Windows SPNEGO auth component directly maps to remote service/public app exploitation for initial access.
NVD Description
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows SPNEGO Extended Negotiation allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
Deeper analysisAI
CVE-2025-47981, published on 2025-07-08, is a heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability (CWE-122) in the Windows SPNEGO Extended Negotiation component. This flaw affects Windows systems that use SPNEGO for extended negotiation in authentication protocols. It carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H), marking it as critical due to its potential for severe impact.
An unauthorized attacker can exploit this vulnerability over a network without privileges, user interaction, or high complexity. Successful exploitation enables remote code execution on the targeted Windows system.
Microsoft's Security Response Center (MSRC) has published an update guide detailing patches and remediation at https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-47981. Vicarius provides a detection script at https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-47981-detection-script-heap-based-buffer-overflow-in-windows-spnego-extended-negotiation and a mitigation script at https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-47981-mitigation-script-heap-based-buffer-overflow-in-windows-spnego-extended-negotiation.
Details
- CWE(s)