Cyber Posture

CVE-2025-21276

High

Published: 14 January 2025

Published
14 January 2025
Modified
27 January 2025
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score 7.5 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0678 91.4th percentile
Risk Priority 19 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-21276 is a high-severity Wrap or Wraparound (CWE-191) vulnerability in Microsoft Windows 10 1507. Its CVSS base score is 7.5 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Application or System Exploitation (T1499.004); ranked in the top 8.6% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SC-5 (Denial-of-service Protection) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Application or System Exploitation (T1499.004). What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.
Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

prevent

Flaw remediation directly prevents exploitation of CVE-2025-21276 by applying Microsoft patches to the vulnerable MapUrlToZone component.

prevent

Denial-of-service protection mechanisms such as rate limiting and resource controls mitigate remote unauthenticated attacks causing availability impact via MapUrlToZone.

prevent

Information input validation restricts malformed URL inputs that trigger the DoS condition in the MapUrlToZone component.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1499.004 Application or System Exploitation Impact
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities that can cause an application or system to crash and deny availability to users.
Why these techniques?

Remote unauthenticated exploitation of the MapUrlToZone component directly enables endpoint DoS via application/system exploitation (T1499.004).

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1

NVD Description

Windows MapUrlToZone Denial of Service Vulnerability

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-21276 is a Denial of Service vulnerability affecting the MapUrlToZone component in Microsoft Windows operating systems. Published on January 14, 2025, it has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H) and is associated with CWEs 191, 693, and NVD-CWE-noinfo.

The vulnerability can be exploited by an unauthenticated attacker over the network with low attack complexity and no user interaction required. Successful exploitation results in a denial of service condition, causing high impact to availability while having no impact on confidentiality or integrity.

Microsoft's Security Response Center provides detailed update guidance, including patches and mitigation recommendations, at https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-21276.

Details

CWE(s)

Affected Products

microsoft
windows 10 1507
≤ 10.0.10240.20890 · ≤ 10.0.10240.20890
microsoft
windows 10 1607
≤ 10.0.14393.7699 · ≤ 10.0.14393.7699
microsoft
windows 10 1809
≤ 10.0.17763.6775 · ≤ 10.0.17763.6775
microsoft
windows 10 21h2
≤ 10.0.19044.5371
microsoft
windows 10 22h2
≤ 10.0.19045.5371
microsoft
windows 11 22h2
≤ 10.0.22621.4751
microsoft
windows 11 23h2
≤ 10.0.22631.4751
microsoft
windows 11 24h2
≤ 10.0.26100.2894
microsoft
windows server 2008
all versions, r2
microsoft
windows server 2012
all versions, r2
+5 more product configuration(s) — see NVD for full list

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-21270Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21230Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21290Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21300Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21389Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21285Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21289Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21251Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2026-20875Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1607
CVE-2025-21351Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1607

References