Cyber Posture

CVE-2025-21410

High

Published: 11 February 2025

Published
11 February 2025
Modified
14 February 2025
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score 8.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0016 37.1th percentile
Risk Priority 18 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-21410 is a high-severity Heap-based Buffer Overflow (CWE-122) vulnerability in Microsoft Windows Server 2008. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 37.1th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SC-7 (Boundary Protection) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190) and 1 other technique. What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.
Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

prevent

Directly mitigates CVE-2025-21410 by requiring timely remediation through application of Microsoft patches for the RRAS flaw.

prevent

Prevents remote exploitation of the RRAS vulnerability by enforcing boundary protections that block unauthorized network access to vulnerable service ports.

prevent

Reduces attack surface by configuring systems to disable unnecessary RRAS functionality, eliminating exposure to the remote code execution vulnerability.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter Execution
Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries.
Why these techniques?

RCE vulnerability in network-accessible RRAS service enables T1190 (Exploit Public-Facing Application) for initial remote exploitation and T1059 (Command and Scripting Interpreter) for arbitrary code execution on the target.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1

NVD Description

Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-21410 is a Remote Code Execution vulnerability in the Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS). Published on 2025-02-11, it carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) and is associated with CWE-122 and NVD-CWE-noinfo.

The vulnerability can be exploited by an unauthenticated attacker over the network with low attack complexity, though it requires user interaction. Successful exploitation enables remote code execution, resulting in high impacts to confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

Microsoft's Security Response Center provides vulnerability details and patch information in their update guide at https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-21410.

Details

CWE(s)

Affected Products

microsoft
windows server 2008
all versions, r2
microsoft
windows server 2012
all versions, r2
microsoft
windows server 2016
≤ 10.0.14393.7785
microsoft
windows server 2019
≤ 10.0.17763.6893
microsoft
windows server 2022
≤ 10.0.20348.3207
microsoft
windows server 2022 23h2
≤ 10.0.25398.1425
microsoft
windows server 2025
≤ 10.0.26100.3194

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References