Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-49674

High

Published: 08 July 2025

Published
08 July 2025
Modified
15 July 2025
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score v3.1 8.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0074 73.3th percentile
Risk Priority 18 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-49674 is a high-severity Heap-based Buffer Overflow (CWE-122) vulnerability in Microsoft Windows Server 2008. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 26.7% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-16 (Memory Protection) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).

Deeper analysis

CVE-2025-49674 is a heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability, classified under CWE-122, affecting the Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS). Published on 2025-07-08, it carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H), indicating high severity due to its potential for significant impact.

An unauthorized attacker can exploit this vulnerability over a network with low attack complexity and no required privileges, though user interaction is necessary. Successful exploitation enables arbitrary code execution on the target system.

The Microsoft Security Response Center advisory at https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-49674 details available mitigations and patches.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1210 Exploitation of Remote Services Lateral Movement
Adversaries may exploit remote services to gain unauthorized access to internal systems once inside of a network.
Why these techniques?

Heap buffer overflow in RRAS enables remote arbitrary code execution against a network-accessible service (T1190/T1210).

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-48824Same product: Microsoft Windows Server 2008
CVE-2025-49729Same product: Microsoft Windows Server 2008
CVE-2025-54113Same product: Microsoft Windows Server 2008
CVE-2025-49672Same product: Microsoft Windows Server 2008
CVE-2025-49668Same product: Microsoft Windows Server 2008
CVE-2025-49753Same product: Microsoft Windows Server 2008
CVE-2025-49663Same product: Microsoft Windows Server 2008
CVE-2025-49669Same product: Microsoft Windows Server 2008
CVE-2025-21208Same product: Microsoft Windows Server 2008
CVE-2025-49676Same product: Microsoft Windows Server 2008

Affected Assets

microsoft
windows server 2008
all versions, r2
microsoft
windows server 2012
all versions, r2
microsoft
windows server 2016
≤ 10.0.14393.8246
microsoft
windows server 2019
≤ 10.0.17763.7558
microsoft
windows server 2022
≤ 10.0.20348.3932
microsoft
windows server 2022 23h2
≤ 10.0.25398.1732
microsoft
windows server 2025
≤ 10.0.26100.4652

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

prevent

Directly remediates the heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in RRAS by requiring timely installation of vendor patches.

prevent

Implements memory safeguards like heap randomization and integrity checks to block arbitrary code execution from buffer overflow exploits in RRAS.

prevent

Restricts network traffic to RRAS service ports at boundaries, reducing unauthorized remote access opportunities for exploitation.

References