CVE-2025-21556
Published: 21 January 2025
Summary
CVE-2025-21556 is a critical-severity Incorrect Authorization (CWE-863) vulnerability in Oracle Agile Product Lifecycle Management. Its CVSS base score is 9.9 (Critical).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068); ranked in the top 23.0% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 AC-3 (Access Enforcement) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).
Threat & Defense at a Glance
Threat & Defense Details
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI
Timely flaw remediation through application of Oracle Critical Patch Update patches directly eliminates the incorrect authorization vulnerability in Agile Integration Services.
Enforces approved authorizations for access to system resources, directly countering the CWE-863 incorrect authorization that allows low-privileged takeover.
Limits low-privileged attackers to only essential privileges, reducing the potential impact and scope change from exploitation of the authorization flaw.
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI
Why these techniques?
Incorrect authorization (CWE-863) in a network-accessible HTTP service allows low-privileged authenticated attackers to achieve full system takeover, directly enabling exploitation of the public-facing application (T1190) and privilege escalation via software vulnerability (T1068).
NVD Description
Vulnerability in the Oracle Agile PLM Framework product of Oracle Supply Chain (component: Agile Integration Services). The supported version that is affected is 9.3.6. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Agile…
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PLM Framework. While the vulnerability is in Oracle Agile PLM Framework, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Agile PLM Framework. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 9.9 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H).
Deeper analysisAI
CVE-2025-21556 is a vulnerability in the Oracle Agile PLM Framework product of Oracle Supply Chain, specifically affecting the Agile Integration Services component in version 9.3.6. Published on January 21, 2025, it stems from CWE-863 (Incorrect Authorization) and carries a CVSS 3.1 base score of 9.9, with the vector CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H, indicating high impacts to confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
The vulnerability is easily exploitable by a low-privileged attacker with network access via HTTP. While the flaw resides in Oracle Agile PLM Framework, exploitation results in scope change, potentially significantly impacting additional products. Successful attacks enable takeover of the Oracle Agile PLM Framework.
The Oracle Critical Patch Update advisory at https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2025.html provides details on patches and mitigation measures for this vulnerability.
Details
- CWE(s)