Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-23623

High

Published: 16 January 2025

Published
16 January 2025
Modified
23 April 2026
KEV Added
—
Patch
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CVSS Score v3.1 7.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L
EPSS Score 0.0008 22.8th percentile
Risk Priority 14 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-23623 is a high-severity Cross-site Scripting (CWE-79) vulnerability. Its CVSS base score is 7.1 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 22.8th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-15 (Information Output Filtering).

Deeper analysis

CVE-2025-23623 is an Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation vulnerability, classified as Reflected Cross-site Scripting (XSS) under CWE-79, affecting the Mahesh Bisen Contact Form 7 – CCAvenue Add-on WordPress plugin (cf7-cc-avenue-add-on). The issue impacts all versions from n/a through 1.0 inclusive, as documented in the CVE published on 2025-01-16.

With a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.1 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L), the vulnerability can be exploited remotely over the network by unauthenticated attackers requiring low complexity and user interaction, such as clicking a malicious link. Exploitation enables script injection in the context of the victim's browser, achieving low impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability with a changed scope.

The Patchstack advisory at https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/cf7-cc-avenue-add-on/vulnerability/wordpress-contact-form-7-ccavenue-add-on-plugin-1-0-reflected-cross-site-scripting-xss-vulnerability?_s_id=cve provides details on this WordPress plugin vulnerability.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in Mahesh Bisen Contact Form 7 – CCAvenue Add-on cf7-cc-avenue-add-on allows Reflected XSS.This issue affects Contact Form 7 – CCAvenue Add-on: from n/a through <= 1.0.

CWE(s)
CWE-79

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.007 JavaScript Execution
Adversaries may abuse various implementations of JavaScript for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
Why these techniques?

Reflected XSS in public-facing WordPress plugin directly enables exploitation of public-facing applications and client-side JavaScript execution via script injection.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2026-3231Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-23481Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-69302Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-23734Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-23571Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-65110Shared CWE-79
CVE-2026-24948Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-27352Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-30349Shared CWE-79
CVE-2026-3876Shared CWE-79

Affected Assets

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

SI-15 Information Output Filtering good match
prevent

SI-15 requires filtering of information outputs to neutralize untrusted input before inclusion in web pages, directly preventing reflected XSS script injection.

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match
prevent

SI-10 enforces validation of user inputs to reject or sanitize malicious payloads that could be reflected as executable scripts in web responses.

SI-2 Flaw Remediation good match
prevent

SI-2 mandates timely flaw remediation, including patching the vulnerable Contact Form 7 CCAvenue Add-on plugin to eliminate the XSS vulnerability.

References