Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-23655

High

Published: 14 February 2025

Published
14 February 2025
Modified
23 April 2026
KEV Added
—
Patch
—
CVSS Score v3.1 7.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L
EPSS Score 0.0011 29.3th percentile
Risk Priority 14 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-23655 is a high-severity Cross-site Scripting (CWE-79) vulnerability. Its CVSS base score is 7.1 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 29.3th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-15 (Information Output Filtering).

Deeper analysis

CVE-2025-23655 is an Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation vulnerability, classified as Reflected Cross-site Scripting (XSS) under CWE-79, in the crystalwebpro Contact Form 7 – Paystack Add-on plugin (cf7-paystack-add-on) for WordPress. This issue affects all versions from n/a through 1.2.3 inclusive. Published on 2025-02-14T13:15:45.610, it carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.1 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L).

Unauthenticated attackers accessible over the network can exploit this with low attack complexity, though it requires user interaction, such as a victim visiting a maliciously crafted URL. Successful exploitation reflects attacker-controlled input back into the web page, executing JavaScript in the victim's browser context and enabling low-level impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability across a changed scope.

Mitigation details are available in the Patchstack advisory at https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/cf7-paystack-add-on/vulnerability/wordpress-contact-form-7-paystack-add-on-plugin-1-2-3-reflected-cross-site-scripting-xss-vulnerability?_s_id=cve.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in crystalwebpro Contact Form 7 – Paystack Add-on cf7-paystack-add-on allows Reflected XSS.This issue affects Contact Form 7 – Paystack Add-on: from n/a through <= 1.2.3.

CWE(s)
CWE-79

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.007 JavaScript Execution
Adversaries may abuse various implementations of JavaScript for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
Why these techniques?

Reflected XSS in public-facing WordPress plugin directly enables exploitation of public-facing applications (T1190) and arbitrary JavaScript execution in victim's browser (T1059.007) via crafted URL.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2026-3231Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-23481Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-69302Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-23734Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-23571Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-65110Shared CWE-79
CVE-2026-24948Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-27352Shared CWE-79
CVE-2025-30349Shared CWE-79
CVE-2026-3876Shared CWE-79

Affected Assets

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

SI-15 Information Output Filtering good match
prevent

Information output filtering neutralizes attacker-controlled input reflected in web pages, directly preventing JavaScript execution in the victim's browser for this Reflected XSS vulnerability.

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match
prevent

Information input validation at entry points rejects or sanitizes malicious payloads in URLs targeting the Contact Form 7 Paystack plugin, blocking the XSS exploit before reflection.

SI-2 Flaw Remediation good match
prevent

Flaw remediation ensures timely patching of the vulnerable cf7-paystack-add-on plugin versions up to 1.2.3, eliminating the specific improper neutralization issue.

References