CVE-2025-23837

High

Published: 24 January 2025

Published

24 January 2025

Modified

23 April 2026

KEV Added

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Patch

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CVSS Score v3.1 7.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L

EPSS Score 0.0014 33.5th percentile

Risk Priority 14 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-23837 is a high-severity Cross-site Scripting (CWE-79) vulnerability. Its CVSS base score is 7.1 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 33.5th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-15 (Information Output Filtering).

Deeper analysis

CVE-2025-23837 is an Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation vulnerability, classified as Reflected Cross-site Scripting (XSS) under CWE-79, affecting the WordPress plugin "One Backend Language" (one-backend-language) by martinjuhasz. This issue impacts all versions from n/a through <=1.0. Published on 2025-01-24T11:15:11.240, it carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.1 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L), indicating high severity due to network accessibility and scope change.

Unauthenticated attackers accessible over the network can exploit this with low attack complexity by tricking users into interacting, such as via a malicious link or input reflected in web page generation. Exploitation enables arbitrary script execution in the victim's browser context on the affected site, resulting in low impacts to confidentiality (e.g., limited data exposure), integrity (e.g., minor modifications), and availability (e.g., minor disruptions), amplified by the changed scope.

The Patchstack advisory at https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/one-backend-language/vulnerability/wordpress-one-backend-language-plugin-1-0-reflected-cross-site-scripting-xss-vulnerability?_s_id=cve documents the Reflected XSS in the WordPress One Backend Language plugin version 1.0 and provides vulnerability details for mitigation.

EU & UK References

🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-3466

Vulnerability details

Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in martinjuhasz One Backend Language one-backend-language allows Reflected XSS.This issue affects One Backend Language: from n/a through <= 1.0.

CWE(s): CWE-79

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access

Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.

attack.mitre.org →

T1059.007 JavaScript Execution

Adversaries may abuse various implementations of JavaScript for execution.

attack.mitre.org →

Why these techniques?

Reflected XSS in public-facing WordPress plugin directly enables T1190 (exploiting public-facing web apps via crafted input/URL) and T1059.007 (arbitrary JavaScript execution in victim browser context).

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0