CVE-2025-28895

High

Published: 11 March 2025

Published

11 March 2025

Modified

23 April 2026

KEV Added

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Patch

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CVSS Score v3.1 7.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L

EPSS Score 0.0011 29.3th percentile

Risk Priority 14 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-28895 is a high-severity Cross-site Scripting (CWE-79) vulnerability. Its CVSS base score is 7.1 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 29.3th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-15 (Information Output Filtering).

Deeper analysis

CVE-2025-28895 is an Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation vulnerability, classified as Stored Cross-site Scripting (XSS) under CWE-79, in the Custom top bar WordPress plugin developed by Suman Biswas. The plugin, known as custom-top-bar, is affected in all versions from n/a through 2.1 inclusive.

The vulnerability carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.1 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L), indicating it is exploitable remotely over the network with low attack complexity, no required privileges, but necessitating user interaction, and resulting in a changed scope with low impacts to confidentiality, integrity, and availability. An unauthenticated attacker can leverage this flaw, potentially via CSRF leading to Stored XSS as noted in related advisories, to inject malicious scripts that execute in the context of other users viewing affected pages.

The Patchstack advisory at https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/custom-top-bar/vulnerability/wordpress-custom-top-bar-plugin-2-0-2-csrf-to-stored-xss-vulnerability?_s_id=cve provides further details on the vulnerability, including specifics on exploitation paths. Security practitioners should consult this reference for recommended mitigations, such as applying available patches or implementing input sanitization workarounds.

EU & UK References

🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-7854

Vulnerability details

Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in Suman Biswas Custom top bar custom-top-bar allows Stored XSS.This issue affects Custom top bar: from n/a through <= 2.1.

CWE(s): CWE-79

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access

Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.

attack.mitre.org →

T1059.007 JavaScript Execution

Adversaries may abuse various implementations of JavaScript for execution.

attack.mitre.org →

Why these techniques?

Stored XSS in public-facing WordPress plugin directly enables remote exploitation of the web application (T1190) and allows injection/execution of arbitrary JavaScript in victim browsers (T1059.007).

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0