CVE-2025-31951

HighRCE

Published: 06 May 2026

Published

06 May 2026

Modified

06 May 2026

KEV Added

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Patch

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CVSS Score 8.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

EPSS Score 0.0003 9.8th percentile

Risk Priority 18 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-31951 is a high-severity Command Injection (CWE-77) vulnerability in Hcl Software (inferred from references). Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 9.8th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190) and 1 other technique. What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.

Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match

prevent

Directly requires validation of information inputs to prevent unvalidated command input vulnerabilities like command injection and smuggling in HCL BigFix RunBookAI.

SI-2 Flaw Remediation good match

prevent

Mandates timely flaw remediation, directly addressing the specific input handling defect permitting unauthorized command execution as detailed in the HCL advisory.

AC-6 Least Privilege partial match

prevent

Enforces least privilege to restrict the scope and impact of unauthorized commands executed by low-privilege users exploiting the vulnerability.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access

Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.

attack.mitre.org →

T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter Execution

Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries.

attack.mitre.org →

Why these techniques?

CVE describes remote command injection (CWE-77) in a network-exposed component, directly enabling T1190 (Exploit Public-Facing Application) for initial access and T1059 (Command and Scripting Interpreter) for arbitrary command execution.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1

NVD Description

HCL BigFix RunBookAI is affected by a Unvalidated Command Input / Potential Command Smuggling vulnerability. A flaw in a component's input handling was identified that could permit unauthorized command execution.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-31951 is a Unvalidated Command Input / Potential Command Smuggling vulnerability affecting HCL BigFix RunBookAI. A flaw in a component's input handling was identified that could permit unauthorized command execution. The vulnerability has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) and is associated with CWE-77, CWE-351, and CWE-451.

The vulnerability can be exploited remotely over the network with low complexity by authenticated users possessing low privileges, without requiring user interaction. Successful exploitation enables attackers to execute unauthorized commands, resulting in high impacts to confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

Mitigation details are available in the HCL Software advisory at https://support.hcl-software.com/csm?id=kb_article&sysparm_article=KB0130444.