Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-51390

RCE in Totolink N600R Firmware 4.3.0cu.7647_b20210106

Public PoCRCECommand Injection
Published
04 August 2025
Modified
05 July 2026
CVSS Score v3.1 9.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.018 76th percentile
Risk Priority 78 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-51390 is a critical-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Totolink N600R Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059); ranked in the top 24% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

TOTOLINK N600R V4.3.0cu.7647_B20210106 contains a command injection vulnerability in the setWiFiWpsConfig function, where the pin parameter is processed without adequate sanitization. The flaw is tracked as CVE-2025-51390 and assigned CWE-78, with a CVSS 3.1 base score of 9.8 reflecting network-accessible, unauthenticated exploitation that can result in full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact.

An unauthenticated remote attacker can supply a crafted pin value to the affected function and execute arbitrary operating-system commands on the device. Successful exploitation grants the attacker the ability to run code with the privileges of the web-management process, potentially leading to device takeover, configuration changes, or use as a pivot point within a network.

The EPSS score remains flat at 0.0547 with no material increase after disclosure. Public references consist of the vendor site and several GitHub reports that document the issue but do not describe official patches or mitigation steps.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

A05:2025 Injection

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

TOTOLINK N600R V4.3.0cu.7647_B20210106 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the pin parameter in the setWiFiWpsConfig function.

CWE(s)
CWE-78

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter Execution
Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.003 Windows Command Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse the Windows command shell for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.004 Unix Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.001 PowerShell Execution
Adversaries may abuse PowerShell commands and scripts for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-22900Same product: Totolink N600R
CVE-2025-22903Same product: Totolink N600R
CVE-2024-0292Same vendor: Totolink
CVE-2024-0298Same vendor: Totolink
CVE-2023-48805Same vendor: Totolink
CVE-2023-48806Same vendor: Totolink
CVE-2024-8574Same vendor: Totolink
CVE-2025-11005Same vendor: Totolink
CVE-2026-31178Same vendor: Totolink
CVE-2025-28039Same vendor: Totolink

Affected Assets

totolink
n600r firmware
4.3.0cu.7647_b20210106

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

—

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

—

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.2.5
  • V1.2.8
  • V15.2.5

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

SA-11 Developer Testing and Evaluation good match

Developer testing and evaluation can discover missing or incorrect command sanitization during development.

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match

Input validation directly neutralizes or rejects special characters that would otherwise alter OS command structure.

AC-6 Least Privilege partial match

Least privilege reduces the permissions available to any process that could be subverted by injected commands.

CM-7 Least Functionality partial match

Least functionality restricts available OS commands and interpreters, limiting the blast radius of injection.

SA-8 Security and Privacy Engineering Principles partial match

Secure engineering principles require proper neutralization of untrusted input before command construction.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

PR.PS-06's SDLC practices directly require secure coding and input handling that blocks command-injection defects, yet the single broad outcome leaves many specific neutralization vectors and verification gaps unaddressed.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Routine patching/maintenance can remediate known command-injection CVEs in dependencies (partial forward) but does nothing to stop developers from introducing improper neutralization in custom code (none reverse).

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.8.29 Security testing in development and acceptance mostly match
finds

Security testing and code review target insecure use of operating-system command interfaces, catching command-injection flaws introduced during development.

References