CVE-2025-5503
Published: 03 June 2025
Summary
CVE-2025-5503 is a high-severity Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer (CWE-119) vulnerability in Totolink X15 Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 8.7 (High).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 18.6% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.
Deeper analysis
A critical stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability, tracked as CVE-2025-5503 and also associated with CWE-119, CWE-121, and CWE-787, exists in the TOTOLINK X15 router firmware version 1.0.0-B20230714.1105. The flaw resides in the formMapReboot function of the /boafrm/formMapReboot endpoint, where unsanitized input to the deviceMacAddr argument can overflow the stack.
Remote attackers who have obtained low-privileged credentials can send a crafted request to trigger the overflow, resulting in full compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability on the device. The attack requires no user interaction and can be launched over the network.
Public exploit code has been disclosed via GitHub, and the issue was reported to the vendor without any response or patch. The TOTOLINK product page and Vuldb entries provide no mitigation guidance, leaving affected devices exposed until firmware updates or configuration workarounds are developed independently.
EPSS scores remain low at approximately 0.015 with no material increase since disclosure.
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-16742
Vulnerability details
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in TOTOLINK X15 1.0.0-B20230714.1105. This affects the function formMapReboot of the file /boafrm/formMapReboot. The manipulation of the argument deviceMacAddr leads to stack-based buffer overflow. It is possible to initiate the attack…
more
remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI
Why these techniques?
The stack-based buffer overflow in the TOTOLINK X15 router's public-facing web interface (/boafrm/formMapReboot) via the deviceMacAddr parameter enables remote code execution, mapping to exploitation of public-facing applications.
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Likely Mitigating Controls AI
Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.
Memory protections (e.g., W^X, ASLR) make exploitation of buffer-boundary violations far harder to turn into code execution.
Ongoing control assessments and code testing (static/dynamic analysis, fuzzing) surface memory buffer restriction failures, which are then remediated before release.
Managed runtimes used by platform-independent applications (e.g., JVM, CLR) enforce memory safety, preventing most buffer overflows that require direct memory manipulation.
Detects exploitation attempts that produce memory corruption, crashes, or anomalous behavior.