Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-5661

MediumPublic PoC

Published: 05 June 2025

Published
05 June 2025
Modified
13 November 2025
KEV Added
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Patch
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CVSS Score v4 4.8 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.0021 43.1th percentile
Risk Priority 10 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-5661 is a medium-severity Cross-site Scripting (CWE-79) vulnerability in Carmelo Traffic Offense Reporting System. Its CVSS base score is 4.8 (Medium).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique JavaScript (T1059.007); ranked at the 43.1th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, was found in code-projects Traffic Offense Reporting System 1.0. This affects an unknown part of the file /save-settings.php of the component Setting Handler. The manipulation of the argument site_name leads to cross site…

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scripting. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.

CWE(s)
CWE-79CWE-94

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1059.007 JavaScript Execution
Adversaries may abuse various implementations of JavaScript for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
T1189 Drive-by Compromise Initial Access
Adversaries may gain access to a system through a user visiting a website over the normal course of browsing.
attack.mitre.org →
T1491 Defacement Impact
Adversaries may modify visual content available internally or externally to an enterprise network, thus affecting the integrity of the original content.
attack.mitre.org →
T1539 Steal Web Session Cookie Credential Access
An adversary may steal web application or service session cookies and use them to gain access to web applications or Internet services as an authenticated user without needing credentials.
attack.mitre.org →
Why these techniques?

Stored XSS in site_name parameter enables JavaScript execution (T1059.007) in victims' browsers upon site visit, facilitating drive-by compromise (T1189), web session cookie theft (T1539), and website defacement (T1491) as described in advisories.

Affected Assets

carmelo
traffic offense reporting system
1.0

Mitigating Controls

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

SI-10 Information Input Validation
addresses: CWE-79 CWE-94

Validates web inputs to reject script-related content that could produce XSS.

CA-8 Penetration Testing
addresses: CWE-79

Penetration testing submits XSS payloads to web applications, detecting cross-site scripting flaws for subsequent remediation.

SC-34 Non-modifiable Executable Programs
addresses: CWE-94

Makes persistent code injection into loaded programs impossible when the executable image itself resides on hardware-protected read-only media.

SC-44 Detonation Chambers
addresses: CWE-94

Dynamically generated code can be produced and executed inside the isolated chamber, preventing host compromise from code-injection payloads.

SI-15 Information Output Filtering
addresses: CWE-79

Output validation against expected content can reject or sanitize script content in generated web pages, reducing XSS exploitability.

SI-16 Memory Protection
addresses: CWE-94

Directly prevents execution of attacker-supplied code written into data memory regions.

References