CVE-2025-59471
Published: 26 January 2026
Summary
CVE-2025-59471 is a medium-severity Uncontrolled Resource Consumption (CWE-400) vulnerability in Vercel Next.Js. Its CVSS base score is 5.9 (Medium).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Application or System Exploitation (T1499.004); ranked at the 7.9th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
Threat & Defense at a Glance
Threat & Defense Details
Likely Mitigating ControlsAI
Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.
Limiting concurrent sessions directly prevents uncontrolled resource consumption by capping the number of active sessions per user or account.
Analysis identifies uncontrolled resource consumption indicative of denial-of-service or abuse attempts.
Contingency plan testing includes resource exhaustion scenarios to verify recovery, making it harder for attackers to sustain exploits that cause uncontrolled consumption.
Updated contingency plans include current procedures to detect, contain, and recover from resource exhaustion, limiting an attacker's ability to sustain impact from uncontrolled consumption.
Alternate site allows resumption of operations if resource exhaustion at the primary site is exploited to cause unavailability.
Alternate telecommunications services enable resumption of essential functions when primary services become unavailable due to uncontrolled resource consumption.
The team can analyze and respond to resource exhaustion incidents, reducing the impact of attacks that exploit uncontrolled consumption weaknesses.
Timely maintenance support and spare parts enable rapid recovery from failures induced by uncontrolled resource consumption, shortening the impact window of denial-of-service attacks.
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI
Why these techniques?
Vulnerability directly enables application exploitation causing resource exhaustion and DoS on the image optimization endpoint.
NVD Description
A denial of service vulnerability exists in self-hosted Next.js applications that have `remotePatterns` configured for the Image Optimizer. The image optimization endpoint (`/_next/image`) loads external images entirely into memory without enforcing a maximum size limit, allowing an attacker to cause…
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out-of-memory conditions by requesting optimization of arbitrarily large images. This vulnerability requires that `remotePatterns` is configured to allow image optimization from external domains and that the attacker can serve or control a large image on an allowed domain. Strongly consider upgrading to 15.5.10 or 16.1.5 to reduce risk and prevent availability issues in Next applications.
Deeper analysisAI
CVE-2025-59471 is a denial-of-service vulnerability in self-hosted Next.js applications that have configured `remotePatterns` for the Image Optimizer. The image optimization endpoint (`/_next/image`) loads external images entirely into memory without enforcing a maximum size limit. This affects Next.js versions prior to 15.5.10 and 16.1.5, with a CVSS v3.1 base score of 5.9 (AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H) and is associated with CWE-400 (Uncontrolled Resource Consumption).
An attacker can exploit this vulnerability over the network by requesting optimization of arbitrarily large images hosted on domains permitted by the application's `remotePatterns` configuration. The attacker must be able to serve or control a large image on an allowed external domain, which triggers excessive memory consumption and potential out-of-memory conditions, leading to denial of service. No privileges or user interaction are required, though high attack complexity is needed due to the configuration prerequisites.
The official advisory from Vercel recommends upgrading to Next.js 15.5.10 or 16.1.5 to mitigate the issue and prevent availability disruptions. Details are available in the GitHub Security Advisory at https://github.com/vercel/next.js/security/advisories/GHSA-9g9p-9gw9-jx7f.
Details
- CWE(s)