Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-62778

Frappe Learning 2.0.0 – 2.39.2

Published
27 October 2025
Modified
03 November 2025
Patch / advisory
View advisory
CVSS Score v4 1.3
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.0020 10th percentile
Risk Priority 15 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-62778 is a low-severity Forced Browsing (CWE-425) vulnerability in Frappe Learning. Its CVSS base score is 1.3 (Low).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 10th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to AC-3 (Access Enforcement) and AC-6 (Least Privilege) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

A01:2025 Broken Access Control

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Frappe Learning is a learning management system. A security issue was identified in Frappe Learning 2.39.1 and earlier, where students were able to access the Quiz Form if they had the URL.

CWE(s)
CWE-425

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
Why these techniques?

Direct URL access to the Quiz Form without proper authorization checks allows an attacker to exploit a public-facing web application component, matching T1190 (Exploit Public-Facing Application).

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2026-26977Same product: Frappe Learning
CVE-2025-11280Same product: Frappe Learning
CVE-2026-23497Same product: Frappe Learning
CVE-2025-55006Same product: Frappe Learning
CVE-2025-67734Same product: Frappe Learning
CVE-2026-39415Same product: Frappe Learning
CVE-2026-46546Same product: Frappe Learning
CVE-2025-67730Same product: Frappe Learning
CVE-2026-26031Same product: Frappe Learning
CVE-2023-42807Same product: Frappe Learning

Affected Assets

frappe
learning
2.0.0 — 2.39.2

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)
  • AC-3 Access Enforcement
  • AC-6 Least Privilege
  • AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement
Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

—

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)

—

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

AC-3 Access Enforcement good match
prevent

Directly enforces authorization decisions so that possession of a URL alone does not grant access to the Quiz Form.

AC-6 Least Privilege good match
prevent

Limits student accounts to the minimum privileges required, preventing access to instructor-only forms even when the endpoint URL is known.

AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement partial match
prevent

Enforces information-flow rules that can block unauthorized retrieval of quiz content regardless of direct URL requests.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.AA-05 full match
prevents

Directly requires policy-driven definition, enforcement, and review of authorizations on resources such as URLs.

PR.IR-01 mostly match
prevents

Protects environments from unauthorized logical access, which includes preventing direct requests to restricted paths.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.8.29 Security testing in development and acceptance mostly match
detects

Security testing can detect forced-browsing flaws, but the control itself does not prevent them in production.

A.8.3 Information access restriction mostly match
prevents

Information access restriction implements the technical enforcement that directly blocks unauthorized direct requests.

A.5.15 Access control partial match
prevents

Access control policy directly requires authorization checks on all resources, preventing forced browsing.

A.5.18 Access rights partial match
degrades

Managing access rights ensures every URL/script/file is explicitly authorized, mitigating direct request attacks.

A.8.2 Privileged access rights partial match
degrades

Privileged access rights control enforces least-privilege checks on restricted endpoints.

A.8.25 Secure development life cycle partial match
prevents

Secure SDLC can include authorization design, yet the control itself does not guarantee runtime enforcement.

References