CVE-2025-65512
SSRF in Zcaceres Markdownify Mcp Server ≤ 0.0.2
Raw vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:NSummary
CVE-2025-65512 is a high-severity SSRF (CWE-918) vulnerability in Zcaceres Markdownify Mcp Server. Its CVSS base score is 7.5 (High).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 38th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.
This vulnerability is AI-related — categorised as AI Agent Protocols and Integrations; in the Protocol-Specific Risks risk domain.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SC-7 (Boundary Protection) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.
OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-202627
Vulnerability Data
A Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability was discovered in the webpage-to-markdown conversion feature of markdownify-mcp v0.0.2 and before. This vulnerability allows an attacker to bypass private IP restrictions through hostname-based bypass and HTTP redirect chains, enabling access to internal network…
more
services.
- CWE(s)
AI Security AnalysisAI
- AI Category
- AI Agent Protocols and Integrations
- Risk Domain
- Protocol-Specific Risks
- OWASP Top 10 for LLMs 2025
- None mapped
- Classification Reason
- Matched keywords: mcp
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI
Why these techniques?
SSRF vulnerability in a public-facing conversion service directly enables T1190 (Exploit Public-Facing Application) by allowing attackers to abuse the web service to reach internal resources.
CVEs Like This One
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Control response
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI
Validates user-supplied URLs in the webpage-to-markdown feature to block private-IP addresses and malicious redirect chains before any outbound SSRF request is issued.
Enforces boundary-protection rules that deny server-initiated connections to internal or private IP ranges, directly stopping the SSRF bypass described in the CVE.
Applies information-flow policy enforcement to restrict the markdown conversion service from following untrusted redirects or accessing non-approved destinations.
Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Secure development practices directly include input validation and destination allow-listing that prevent SSRF.
Runtime monitoring of web applications and services can detect anomalous outbound requests indicative of SSRF.
Vulnerability identification processes can discover and record SSRF flaws in web applications.
Network segmentation and egress controls can limit the damage from successful SSRF requests.
Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Operational threat data describing SSRF campaigns can be used to tighten outbound-request allow-lists and detection rules before attackers exploit them.