Cyber Resilience

CVE-2026-2528

Command Injection in Wavlink Wl-Wn579A3 Firmware ≤ 2021-02-19

Public PoCCommand Injection
Published
16 February 2026
Modified
18 February 2026
CVSS Score v4 5.3
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.079 94th percentile
Risk Priority 41 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2026-2528 is a medium-severity Injection (CWE-74) vulnerability in Wavlink Wl-Wn579A3 Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 5.3 (Medium).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059); ranked in the top 6% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2026-2528 is a command injection vulnerability affecting the Wavlink WL-WN579A3 router firmware up to version 20210219. The issue resides in the Delete_Mac_list function within the /cgi-bin/wireless.cgi script, where the delete_list argument can be manipulated to inject arbitrary commands. This flaw, classified under CWE-74 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command) and CWE-77 (Command Injection), carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 6.3 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L), indicating medium severity with network accessibility and low attack complexity.

An attacker with low privileges, such as an authenticated user on the device, can remotely exploit this vulnerability over the network without user interaction. Successful exploitation allows limited impacts: low-level disclosure of confidential information, modification of data or settings, and denial of service through partial availability disruption, all within the unchanged scope of the affected component.

Advisories from VulDB note that the vendor was contacted early regarding disclosure but provided no response, implying no official patches or mitigations are available. A proof-of-concept exploit is publicly available on GitHub at https://github.com/MRAdera/IoT-Vuls/blob/main/wavlink/wn579a3/Delete_Mac_list.md, increasing the risk of active use.

Security practitioners should isolate or decommission affected Wavlink WL-WN579A3 devices, monitor for anomalous wireless.cgi access, and apply network segmentation to limit low-privilege remote access until firmware updates emerge.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

A05:2025 Injection

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

A vulnerability was identified in Wavlink WL-WN579A3 up to 20210219. Affected by this vulnerability is the function Delete_Mac_list of the file /cgi-bin/wireless.cgi. The manipulation of the argument delete_list leads to command injection. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The…

more

exploit is publicly available and might be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

CWE(s)
CWE-74CWE-77

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter Execution
Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries.
attack.mitre.org →
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1221 Template Injection Stealth
Adversaries may create or modify references in user document templates to conceal malicious code or force authentication attempts.
attack.mitre.org →
T1659 Content Injection Initial Access
Adversaries may gain access and continuously communicate with victims by injecting malicious content into systems through online network traffic.
attack.mitre.org →
T1674 Input Injection Execution
Adversaries may simulate keystrokes on a victim’s computer by various means to perform any type of action on behalf of the user, such as launching the command interpreter using keyboard shortcuts, typing an inline script to be executed,…
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.001 PowerShell Execution
Adversaries may abuse PowerShell commands and scripts for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2026-2526Same product: Wavlink Wl-Wn579A3
CVE-2026-2530Same product: Wavlink Wl-Wn579A3
CVE-2026-2529Same product: Wavlink Wl-Wn579A3
CVE-2026-2527Same product: Wavlink Wl-Wn579A3
CVE-2025-10960Same vendor: Wavlink
CVE-2026-3661Same vendor: Wavlink
CVE-2025-10961Same vendor: Wavlink
CVE-2025-10959Same vendor: Wavlink
CVE-2026-3612Same vendor: Wavlink
CVE-2025-10964Same vendor: Wavlink

Affected Assets

wavlink
wl-wn579a3 firmware
≤ 2021-02-19

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

—

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

—

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.2.1
  • V1.2.3
  • V1.2.5
  • V1.2.8

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

SA-11 Developer Testing and Evaluation good match

Developer testing and evaluation can discover command-construction flaws before deployment.

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match

SI-10 directly requires validation of information inputs to reject malformed or special-element content before it reaches downstream parsers.

SA-8 Security and Privacy Engineering Principles partial match

Secure engineering principles include proper neutralization and safe command construction practices.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices directly require input validation and output encoding that prevent injection flaws.

DE.CM-09 partial match
prevents

Runtime monitoring of software and data can detect anomalous command execution resulting from injection.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Identifying recorded vulnerabilities enables remediation of command-injection flaws before exploitation.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.8.28 Secure coding mostly match
prevents

Secure coding standards require proper escaping and parameterization of commands, directly eliminating CWE-77.

A.8.29 Security testing in development and acceptance mostly match
finds

Security testing in development catches injection vulnerabilities before release.

A.8.15 Logging partial match
finds

Logging supports detection of injection attempts but does not prevent the weakness.

A.8.16 Monitoring activities partial match
finds

Monitoring activities can identify active injection attacks after they occur.

A.8.25 Secure development life cycle partial match
prevents

Secure development life cycle mandates input validation and output encoding that directly prevent injection flaws.

A.8.26 Application security requirements partial match
prevents

Application security requirements explicitly call for controls against injection attacks in software design.

References