CVE-2025-10959
Published: 25 September 2025
Summary
CVE-2025-10959 is a low-severity Injection (CWE-74) vulnerability in Wavlink Wl-Nu516U1 Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 2.1 (Low).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 24.5% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and AC-6 (Least Privilege).
Deeper analysis
CVE-2025-10959 is a command injection vulnerability affecting the Wavlink NU516U1 router on firmware version M16U1_V240425. The flaw exists in the sub_401778 function of the /cgi-bin/firewall.cgi script, where improper handling of the dmz_flag argument enables attackers to inject arbitrary commands. It is classified under CWE-74 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements) and CWE-77 (Command Injection), with a CVSS v3.1 base score of 6.3 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L).
The vulnerability is exploitable remotely over the network by low-privileged users, such as authenticated administrative or user accounts, with low complexity and no user interaction required. Successful exploitation allows limited impacts, including partial disclosure of sensitive information, minor modification of data or settings, and temporary denial of service through command execution on the device.
Advisories on VulDB and a GitHub repository detail the issue and provide a proof-of-concept exploit. The vendor was contacted early regarding disclosure but has not responded, and no patches or official mitigations are available.
The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be used by attackers targeting vulnerable devices.
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-31143
Vulnerability details
A vulnerability has been found in Wavlink NU516U1 M16U1_V240425. The affected element is the function sub_401778 of the file /cgi-bin/firewall.cgi. Such manipulation of the argument dmz_flag leads to command injection. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been…
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disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI
Why these techniques?
Command injection in /cgi-bin/firewall.cgi via dmz_flag enables exploitation of public-facing web application (T1190), indirect command execution (T1202 as noted in advisory), and abuse of network device CLI (T1059.008).
CVEs Like This One
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI
Requires validation and sanitization of the dmz_flag argument in firewall.cgi to block command injection via CWE-74/77.
Restricts authenticated users to only the minimal privileges needed, limiting who can reach and exploit the vulnerable sub_401778 function.
Disables or restricts the firewall.cgi script and related DMZ functionality unless explicitly required, reducing the attack surface.