Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-9149

LowPublic PoC

Published: 19 August 2025

Published
19 August 2025
Modified
29 April 2026
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score v4 2.1 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.0158 82.0th percentile
Risk Priority 5 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-9149 is a low-severity Injection (CWE-74) vulnerability in Wavlink Wl-Nu516U1 Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 2.1 (Low).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 18.0% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).

Deeper analysis

The vulnerability CVE-2025-9149 affects the Wavlink WL-NU516U1 router running firmware version M16U1_V240425. It exists in the sub_4032E4 function of /cgi-bin/wireless.cgi, where unsanitized input to the Guest_ssid argument permits command injection, as indicated by the associated CWE-74 and CWE-77 classifications.

An authenticated remote attacker with low privileges can supply crafted values to the Guest_ssid parameter over the network to execute arbitrary commands on the device. The CVSS 4.0 score of 2.1 reflects limited impact confined to the vulnerable component, with no effect on adjacent systems.

Public proof-of-concept code has been posted to GitHub, confirming the issue is exploitable, while the EPSS score has remained flat at 0.0158 with no material rise since disclosure on 2025-08-19. No vendor advisories or patches addressing mitigation are referenced in the available sources.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

A vulnerability was determined in Wavlink WL-NU516U1 M16U1_V240425. This impacts the function sub_4032E4 of the file /cgi-bin/wireless.cgi. This manipulation of the argument Guest_ssid causes command injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been publicly…

more

disclosed and may be utilized.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1202 Indirect Command Execution Stealth
Adversaries may abuse utilities that allow for command execution to bypass security restrictions that limit the use of command-line interpreters.
Why these techniques?

Remote command injection in the web CGI interface (/cgi-bin/wireless.cgi) via Guest_ssid enables exploitation of a public-facing application (T1190) and indirect command execution (T1202), as noted in advisories.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-10959Same product: Wavlink Wl-Nu516U1
CVE-2025-10964Same product: Wavlink Wl-Nu516U1
CVE-2025-10958Same product: Wavlink Wl-Nu516U1
CVE-2025-10960Same product: Wavlink Wl-Nu516U1
CVE-2025-10963Same product: Wavlink Wl-Nu516U1
CVE-2026-3661Same product: Wavlink Wl-Nu516U1
CVE-2026-2615Same product: Wavlink Wl-Nu516U1
CVE-2026-3704Same product: Wavlink Wl-Nu516U1
CVE-2025-10962Same product: Wavlink Wl-Nu516U1
CVE-2026-3662Same product: Wavlink Wl-Nu516U1

Affected Assets

wavlink
wl-nu516u1 firmware
m16u1_v240425

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

prevent

Directly requires validation and sanitization of the Guest_ssid input argument to sub_4032E4 in wireless.cgi, blocking the command injection vector.

prevent

Mandates timely application of firmware patches to remediate the publicly disclosed flaw in M16U1_V240425 before exploitation.

prevent

Restricts the low-privilege account's ability to reach or influence the vulnerable wireless.cgi function, limiting injection impact.

References