Cyber Resilience

CVE-2026-31226

CriticalRCE

Published: 12 May 2026

Published
12 May 2026
Modified
19 May 2026
KEV Added
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Patch
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CVSS Score v3.1 9.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0116 63.2th percentile
Risk Priority 70 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2026-31226 is a critical-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Notion (inferred from references). Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 36.8% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

A05:2025 Injection

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

The TinyZero project thru commit 6652a63c57fa7e5ccde3fc9c598c7176ff15b839 (2025-58-24) contains a critical command injection vulnerability (CWE-78) in its HDFS file operation utilities. The vulnerability arises from the unsafe construction and execution of shell commands via os.system() without proper input sanitization or escaping.…

more

User-controlled input (such as file paths) is directly interpolated into shell command strings using f-strings within the _copy() function. An attacker can inject arbitrary OS commands by supplying a specially crafted path parameter through the Hydra configuration framework. This leads to remote code execution with the privileges of the user running the TinyZero training process.

CWE(s)
CWE-78

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.006 Python Execution
Adversaries may abuse Python commands and scripts for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
Why these techniques?

CWE-78 command injection via unsanitized os.system() calls with user-controlled paths directly enables remote code execution (T1190) and arbitrary command execution through the Python interpreter (T1059.006).

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-43984Shared CWE-78
CVE-2026-34176Shared CWE-78
CVE-2026-47294Shared CWE-78
CVE-2020-37125Shared CWE-78
CVE-2024-49601Shared CWE-78
CVE-2025-62354Shared CWE-78
CVE-2022-50596Shared CWE-78
CVE-2025-56819Shared CWE-78
CVE-2025-48703Shared CWE-78
CVE-2026-25111Shared CWE-78

Affected Assets

Notion
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inferred from references and description; NVD did not file a CPE for this CVE

Mitigating Controls

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

SC-27 Platform-independent Applications
addresses: CWE-78

Platform-independent apps typically execute inside a managed runtime or sandbox that restricts direct OS command execution, reducing the ability to exploit OS command injection.

SI-10 Information Input Validation
addresses: CWE-78

Validates inputs to block special elements that would alter OS command execution.

References