CVE-2023-38298

Account management defines and authorizes the exact privileges granted to each account or role.

Ensuring access decisions are applied to every request structurally prevents the product from taking unexpected paths when privileges are lacking.

Runtime monitoring of software and data surfaces adverse events triggered by unhandled permission failures.

Directly enforces least-privilege policy definition, management, and review that prevents incorrect privilege assignments.

Generating logs of permission-related events enables detection and analysis of improper handling.

A.5.1 only requires that an information security policy and topic-specific policies (including on access control) exist and are reviewed; it does not itself enforce, implement or act on any access restriction, so the weakness can still be exploited (per the owner's explicit rule that governance/dependency clauses score none on effect verbs).

A.5.15 directly requires determining access needs, defining/enforcing topic-specific access control policy and rules (including need-to-know, privilege restrictions, segregation, formal authorization, role-based mapping, and consistency with classification), which stops most incorrect privilege assignments from being exploitable; the bounded remainder is incorrect assignments that arise from flawed implementation of those rules rather than from their absence.

A.5.18's provisioning, review, revocation and SoD rules (esp. a,b,c,f,i,j) directly stop most incorrect privilege assignments from being granted or persisting, with a bounded remainder in flawed implementation of the authorization step itself (see 5.9/5.15 dependency)