Cyber Resilience

CVE-2024-45780

Memory Safety in Gnu Grub2 ≤ 2.12

Published
03 March 2025
Modified
29 June 2026
CVSS Score v3.1 6.7
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0026 18th percentile
Risk Priority 45 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2024-45780 is a medium-severity Out-of-bounds Write (CWE-787) vulnerability in Gnu Grub2. Its CVSS base score is 6.7 (Medium).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Stealth (T1211); ranked at the 18th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

A flaw was found in grub2. When reading tar files, grub2 allocates an internal buffer for the file name. However, it fails to properly verify the allocation against possible integer overflows. It's possible to cause the allocation length to overflow…

more

with a crafted tar file, leading to a heap out-of-bounds write. This flaw eventually allows an attacker to circumvent secure boot protections.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1211 Exploitation for Stealth Stealth
Adversaries may exploit vulnerabilities to evade detection by hiding activity, suppressing logging, or operating within trusted or unmonitored components.
Why these techniques?

The grub2 vulnerability enables a heap out-of-bounds write via crafted tar file during boot process parsing, allowing exploitation to circumvent secure boot protections (defense evasion).

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-0684Same product: Gnu Grub2
CVE-2025-1125Same product: Gnu Grub2
CVE-2025-0686Same product: Gnu Grub2
CVE-2025-0685Same product: Gnu Grub2
CVE-2024-45777Same product: Gnu Grub2
CVE-2023-36271Same vendor: Gnu
CVE-2023-36272Same vendor: Gnu
CVE-2023-25222Same vendor: Gnu
CVE-2023-36274Same vendor: Gnu
CVE-2023-25139Same vendor: Gnu

Affected Assets

gnu
grub2
≤ 2.12

Mitigating Controls

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

addresses: CWE-787

Out-of-bounds writes that corrupt control flow or inject shellcode are rendered non-executable by the same memory protections.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure-development practices (static analysis, bounds checking, code review) are the primary means of preventing out-of-bounds writes.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Vulnerability scanning and recording can discover out-of-bounds write flaws so they can be remediated.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Patching or replacing vulnerable software directly eliminates known instances of this coding weakness.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

detects

Security testing in development and acceptance can detect and prevent out-of-bounds write defects.

prevents

Secure development life cycle mandates practices that prevent out-of-bounds writes.

prevents

Application security requirements can specify bounds-checking and safe memory handling.

prevents

Secure architecture and engineering principles reduce the likelihood of buffer overflows.

prevents

Secure coding directly addresses out-of-bounds writes through language choice and coding standards.

prevents

Change management can enforce review gates that catch unsafe memory operations before deployment.

References