Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-12549

High

Published: 08 January 2026

Published
08 January 2026
Modified
27 April 2026
KEV Added
—
Patch
—
CVSS Score v3.1 8.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0051 39.6th percentile
Risk Priority 55 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-12549 is a high-severity PHP Remote File Inclusion (CWE-98) vulnerability. Its CVSS base score is 8.1 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 39.6th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).

Deeper analysis

CVE-2025-12549 is an Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program vulnerability, known as PHP Remote File Inclusion, which enables PHP Local File Inclusion in the magentech Rozy - Flower Shop WordPress theme. This issue affects all versions of the Rozy - Flower Shop theme from n/a through 1.2.25 and is associated with CWE-98.

Unauthenticated remote attackers can exploit this vulnerability over the network with high attack complexity, requiring no privileges or user interaction. Successful exploitation leads to high impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, as reflected in the CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.1 (AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

The Patchstack advisory provides details on this Local File Inclusion vulnerability in the WordPress Rozy - Flower Shop theme version 1.2.25; security practitioners should consult https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Theme/rozy/vulnerability/wordpress-rozy-flower-shop-theme-1-2-25-local-file-inclusion-vulnerability?_s_id=cve for mitigation guidance and patches.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

A05:2025 Injection

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in magentech Rozy - Flower Shop rozy allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Rozy - Flower Shop: from n/a through <= 1.2.25.

CWE(s)
CWE-98

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1505.003 Web Shell Persistence
Adversaries may backdoor web servers with web shells to establish persistent access to systems.
attack.mitre.org →
Why these techniques?

LFI/RFI in public-facing PHP/WordPress app directly enables remote exploitation (T1190) and web shell/code execution (T1505.003).

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2024-51319Shared CWE-98
CVE-2025-32304Shared CWE-98
CVE-2026-7522Shared CWE-98
CVE-2025-6746Shared CWE-98
CVE-2025-58206Shared CWE-98
CVE-2026-27894Shared CWE-98
CVE-2025-48160Shared CWE-98
CVE-2025-67936Shared CWE-98
CVE-2025-49436Shared CWE-98
CVE-2025-5804Shared CWE-98

Affected Assets

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

SI-2 Flaw Remediation good match
prevent

Directly remediates the PHP Local File Inclusion flaw in the Rozy WordPress theme by applying patches or updates to versions <=1.2.25.

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match
prevent

Validates and sanitizes user-supplied filename parameters in PHP include/require statements to block arbitrary local file inclusion.

CM-6 Configuration Settings partial match
prevent

Enforces secure PHP configuration settings such as open_basedir restrictions and disabling allow_url_include to limit file access scope.

References