CVE-2025-1946
Published: 04 March 2025
Summary
CVE-2025-1946 is a medium-severity Injection (CWE-74) vulnerability in Hzmanyun Education And Training System. Its CVSS base score is 5.3 (Medium).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 12.9% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).
Deeper analysis
A command injection vulnerability exists in the hzmanyun Education and Training System version 2.1, specifically in the exportPDF function of the /user/exportPDF endpoint. The flaw, tracked as CVE-2025-1946 and assigned CWE-74 and CWE-77, arises from improper handling of the id parameter, allowing arbitrary command execution. It carries a CVSS 4.0 score of 5.3 and can be triggered remotely.
An authenticated attacker with low privileges can supply a crafted id value to the affected endpoint and execute operating-system commands on the server. Successful exploitation yields limited effects on confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the target system, with no impact on scope.
Public references, including a detailed report on GitHub and entries in Vuldb, confirm that exploit code has been disclosed and may be usable in the wild. The associated EPSS score has risen from a low baseline to a recorded peak of 0.0485, indicating emerging exploitation interest after disclosure. No official patch or mitigation guidance is described in the available references.
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-7446
Vulnerability details
A vulnerability was found in hzmanyun Education and Training System 2.1. It has been rated as critical. Affected by this issue is the function exportPDF of the file /user/exportPDF. The manipulation of the argument id leads to command injection. The…
more
attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI
Why these techniques?
Command injection in a web app endpoint directly enables exploitation of public-facing applications (T1190) and arbitrary command execution via interpreters (T1059).
CVEs Like This One
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI
Directly validates the 'id' argument in the exportPDF function to block command injection payloads from being executed.
Requires monitoring and timely remediation of flaws like this command injection vulnerability through patching or updates.
Enforces least privilege on the application process to limit the impact and scope of any successful command injection.