Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-23861

High

Published: 16 January 2025

Published
16 January 2025
Modified
23 April 2026
KEV Added
—
Patch
—
CVSS Score v3.1 7.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L
EPSS Score 0.0014 33.5th percentile
Risk Priority 14 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-23861 is a high-severity CSRF (CWE-352) vulnerability. Its CVSS base score is 7.1 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 33.5th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SC-23 (Session Authenticity) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation).

Deeper analysis

CVE-2025-23861 is a Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability, classified under CWE-352, in the Debt Calculator WordPress plugin by Zack Katz (debt-calculator). This issue affects all versions of the plugin from n/a through 1.0.1, as published on 2025-01-16.

The vulnerability carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.1 (High), characterized by network attack vector (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:N), user interaction required (UI:R), changed scope (S:C), and low impacts to confidentiality, integrity, and availability (C:L/I:L/A:L). Any remote attacker can exploit it by tricking an authenticated user into performing unintended actions via a forged request, potentially enabling further impacts such as stored XSS.

The Patchstack advisory at https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/debt-calculator/vulnerability/wordpress-debt-calculator-plugin-1-0-1-csrf-to-stored-xss-vulnerability?_s_id=cve details this as a CSRF-to-stored-XSS vulnerability in Debt Calculator version 1.0.1. Security practitioners should consult the advisory for recommended mitigations, such as plugin updates or configuration changes.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Zack Katz Debt Calculator debt-calculator allows Cross Site Request Forgery.This issue affects Debt Calculator: from n/a through <= 1.0.1.

CWE(s)
CWE-352

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.007 JavaScript Execution
Adversaries may abuse various implementations of JavaScript for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
Why these techniques?

CSRF in public-facing WordPress plugin directly enables exploitation of the application (T1190); resulting stored XSS facilitates arbitrary JavaScript execution in client browsers (T1059.007).

Confidence: MEDIUM · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-28931Shared CWE-352
CVE-2025-23980Shared CWE-352
CVE-2025-23710Shared CWE-352
CVE-2025-23822Shared CWE-352
CVE-2025-25128Shared CWE-352
CVE-2025-31616Shared CWE-352
CVE-2025-23483Shared CWE-352
CVE-2025-23817Shared CWE-352
CVE-2025-23446Shared CWE-352
CVE-2025-23664Shared CWE-352

Affected Assets

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

SC-23 Session Authenticity good match
prevent

SC-23 enforces session authenticity with mechanisms like anti-CSRF tokens and replay protection, directly preventing forged requests exploiting this CSRF vulnerability.

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match
prevent

SI-10 mandates validation of information inputs, blocking unauthorized CSRF requests that lack valid tokens in the Debt Calculator plugin.

SI-2 Flaw Remediation good match
prevent

SI-2 requires timely flaw remediation, directly addressing this specific CSRF vulnerability by patching Debt Calculator versions through 1.0.1.

References