Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-25121

High

Published: 03 March 2025

Published
03 March 2025
Modified
23 April 2026
KEV Added
—
Patch
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CVSS Score v3.1 7.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L
EPSS Score 0.0014 33.7th percentile
Risk Priority 14 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-25121 is a high-severity CSRF (CWE-352) vulnerability. Its CVSS base score is 7.1 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 33.7th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SC-23 (Session Authenticity) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation).

Deeper analysis

CVE-2025-25121 is a Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability, classified under CWE-352, in the Theme Options Z WordPress plugin (theme-options-z) developed by shyammakwana. This issue affects the plugin from n/a through version 1.4 inclusive. The vulnerability was published on 2025-03-03 and carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.1 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L).

The vulnerability enables exploitation over the network (AV:N) with low attack complexity (AC:L), requiring no privileges (PR:N) but user interaction (UI:R), and results in a changed scope (S:C) with low impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (C:L/I:L/A:L). Any remote attacker can exploit it by tricking an authenticated user into performing unintended actions via a forged request, potentially allowing unauthorized modifications within the theme options functionality.

Mitigation details are available in the Patchstack advisory at https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/theme-options-z/vulnerability/wordpress-wp-spell-check-plugin-9-21-cross-site-request-forgery-csrf-vulnerability-2?_s_id=cve.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in shyammakwana Theme Options Z theme-options-z allows Cross Site Request Forgery.This issue affects Theme Options Z: from n/a through <= 1.4.

CWE(s)
CWE-352

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1204.001 Malicious Link Execution
An adversary may rely upon a user clicking a malicious link in order to gain execution.
attack.mitre.org →
Why these techniques?

CSRF vuln in public-facing WordPress plugin directly maps to T1190 for exploitation of web apps; requires tricking user via forged request typically delivered as malicious link (T1204.001).

Confidence: MEDIUM · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-24001Shared CWE-352
CVE-2025-25147Shared CWE-352
CVE-2026-34904Shared CWE-352
CVE-2024-26153Shared CWE-352
CVE-2025-28860Shared CWE-352
CVE-2026-45430Shared CWE-352
CVE-2025-23880Shared CWE-352
CVE-2025-59541Shared CWE-352
CVE-2026-23622Shared CWE-352
CVE-2025-23445Shared CWE-352

Affected Assets

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

SC-23 Session Authenticity good match
prevent

SC-23 requires mechanisms to protect session authenticity, such as anti-CSRF tokens, directly preventing forged requests from tricking authenticated users into unauthorized theme options modifications.

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match
prevent

SI-10 mandates validation of information inputs at boundaries, including CSRF tokens, to block processing of malicious forged requests targeting the vulnerable plugin endpoints.

SI-2 Flaw Remediation good match
prevent

SI-2 ensures timely identification, reporting, and patching of flaws like this CSRF vulnerability in the Theme Options Z plugin up to version 1.4.

References