CVE-2025-2985
Published: 31 March 2025
Summary
CVE-2025-2985 is a medium-severity Injection (CWE-74) vulnerability in Fabian Payroll Management System. Its CVSS base score is 6.3 (Medium).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 21.2th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 RA-5 (Vulnerability Monitoring and Scanning) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation).
Threat & Defense at a Glance
Threat & Defense Details
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI
SI-10 requires validation of information inputs like the 'deduction' parameter in update_account.php to neutralize special elements and directly prevent SQL injection exploitation.
SI-2 mandates timely identification, reporting, and correction of system flaws, directly addressing this known SQL injection vulnerability via patching or code fixes.
RA-5 requires vulnerability scanning and monitoring that would identify SQL injection flaws like CVE-2025-2985 in the Payroll Management System.
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI
Why these techniques?
SQL injection in public-facing web application (update_account.php) enables exploitation of public-facing app (T1190), abuse of server software component for SQL execution (T1505 as cited in advisory), and data collection from databases (T1213.006).
NVD Description
A vulnerability was found in code-projects Payroll Management System 1.0. It has been classified as critical. This affects an unknown part of the file update_account.php. The manipulation of the argument deduction leads to sql injection. It is possible to initiate…
more
the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. Other parameters might be affected as well.
Deeper analysisAI
CVE-2025-2985 is a critical SQL injection vulnerability in code-projects Payroll Management System 1.0, affecting an unknown part of the file update_account.php. The issue arises from manipulation of the 'deduction' argument, with CWE-74 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command) and CWE-89 (SQL Injection) as associated weaknesses. Published on 2025-03-31, it carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 6.3 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L), indicating network-accessible exploitation with low complexity and privileges required.
An attacker with low privileges, such as an authenticated user, can exploit this remotely by injecting malicious SQL via the 'deduction' parameter during account updates. Successful exploitation enables limited impacts: low confidentiality (e.g., partial data disclosure), integrity (e.g., minor data modification), and availability (e.g., limited denial of service). Other parameters may also be vulnerable, broadening potential attack surface.
Advisories referenced in VulDB entries (e.g., ctiid.302037, id.302037) and related disclosures on GitHub and code-projects.org detail the issue but do not specify patches or vendor mitigations in available information. Security practitioners should review these sources for updates.
The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be actively used, increasing risk for exposed instances of Payroll Management System 1.0.
Details
- CWE(s)