Cyber Resilience

CVE-2026-31231

CriticalRCE

Published: 12 May 2026

Published
12 May 2026
Modified
15 May 2026
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score v3.1 9.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0063 45.9th percentile
Risk Priority 70 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2026-31231 is a critical-severity Code Injection (CWE-94) vulnerability in Notion (inferred from references). Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 45.9th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

Cognee thru v0.4.0 contains a critical remote code execution vulnerability in its notebook cell execution API endpoint. The endpoint is designed to execute arbitrary Python code provided by the user, but it does so using the unsafe exec() function without…

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any sandboxing, validation, or security controls. An attacker can exploit this by sending a specially crafted POST request containing malicious Python code to the execution endpoint. This leads to arbitrary code execution on the Cognee server with the privileges of the server process, allowing complete compromise of the system.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1059.006 Python Execution
Adversaries may abuse Python commands and scripts for execution.
Why these techniques?

Direct RCE via exposed unsafe Python exec() in public API endpoint (T1190) enables arbitrary Python code execution (T1059.006).

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-53890Shared CWE-94
CVE-2026-39891Shared CWE-94
CVE-2024-57609Shared CWE-94
CVE-2026-7466Shared CWE-94
CVE-2026-25481Shared CWE-94
CVE-2026-25153Shared CWE-94
CVE-2023-54345Shared CWE-94
CVE-2026-31225Shared CWE-94
CVE-2026-31220Shared CWE-94
CVE-2025-54550Shared CWE-94

Affected Assets

Notion
inferred from references and description; NVD did not file a CPE for this CVE

Mitigating Controls

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

addresses: CWE-94

Makes persistent code injection into loaded programs impossible when the executable image itself resides on hardware-protected read-only media.

addresses: CWE-94

Dynamically generated code can be produced and executed inside the isolated chamber, preventing host compromise from code-injection payloads.

addresses: CWE-94

Validates inputs used in dynamic code generation to block injected directives.

addresses: CWE-94

Directly prevents execution of attacker-supplied code written into data memory regions.

References