Cyber Resilience

CVE-2026-31234

CriticalRCE

Published: 12 May 2026

Published
12 May 2026
Modified
14 May 2026
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score v3.1 9.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0069 48.1th percentile
Risk Priority 70 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2026-31234 is a critical-severity Deserialization of Untrusted Data (CWE-502) vulnerability in Notion (inferred from references). Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 48.1th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

Horovod thru 0.28.1 contains an insecure deserialization vulnerability (CWE-502) in its KVStore HTTP server component. The KVStore server, used for distributed task coordination, lacks authentication and authorization controls, allowing any remote attacker to write arbitrary data via HTTP PUT requests.…

more

When a Horovod worker reads data from the KVStore (via HTTP GET), it deserializes the data using cloudpickle.loads() without verifying its source or integrity. An attacker can exploit this by sending a malicious pickle payload to the server before the legitimate data is written, causing the victim worker to deserialize and execute arbitrary code, leading to remote code execution.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1059.006 Python Execution
Adversaries may abuse Python commands and scripts for execution.
Why these techniques?

Insecure deserialization (cloudpickle) over unauthenticated HTTP KVStore server enables RCE on distributed workers; directly maps to public-facing app exploitation and Python interpreter execution.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-50460Shared CWE-502
CVE-2026-24186Shared CWE-502
CVE-2025-27780Shared CWE-502
CVE-2025-56005Shared CWE-502
CVE-2025-23045Shared CWE-502
CVE-2026-31072Shared CWE-502
CVE-2024-9701Shared CWE-502
CVE-2026-26210Shared CWE-502
CVE-2025-27781Shared CWE-502
CVE-2025-2000Shared CWE-502

Affected Assets

Notion
inferred from references and description; NVD did not file a CPE for this CVE

Mitigating Controls

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

addresses: CWE-502

Penetration testing supplies malicious serialized objects, detecting unsafe deserialization and supporting corrective actions.

addresses: CWE-502

Evaluation of untrusted data handling (deserialization testing) reveals unsafe processing, which the required remediation process addresses.

addresses: CWE-502

Untrusted serialized data can be deserialized and observed inside the chamber, blocking gadget-chain exploitation outside the sandbox.

addresses: CWE-502

Validates or rejects untrusted serialized data before deserialization occurs.

addresses: CWE-502

Identifies and blocks malicious code introduced through deserialization of untrusted data at system boundaries.

addresses: CWE-502

Integrity verification of serialized information can detect tampering before deserialization occurs.

addresses: CWE-502

Provenance of associated data allows detection of untrusted sources before deserialization or processing occurs.

References