CVE-2025-21237
Published: 14 January 2025
Summary
CVE-2025-21237 is a high-severity Heap-based Buffer Overflow (CWE-122) vulnerability in Microsoft Windows 10 1507. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation of Remote Services (T1210); ranked in the top 28.6% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-2 (Flaw Remediation) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation).
Threat & Defense at a Glance
Threat & Defense Details
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI
Directly mandates identification, reporting, and timely remediation of flaws such as the heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Telephony Service via patching.
Provides memory protection mechanisms like ASLR and DEP that mitigate successful exploitation of heap-based buffer overflows leading to RCE.
Requires validation of information inputs to prevent buffer overflows from malformed data targeting the Windows Telephony Service.
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI
Why these techniques?
RCE via remote network exploitation of Windows Telephony Service (buffer overflow) directly maps to T1210 (remote service exploitation) and T1203 (client execution with UI trigger).
NVD Description
Windows Telephony Service Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Deeper analysisAI
CVE-2025-21237 is a Remote Code Execution vulnerability in the Windows Telephony Service, published on 2025-01-14. It carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) and is associated with CWE-122 (Heap-based Buffer Overflow) and NVD-CWE-noinfo. The flaw affects the Windows Telephony Service component, enabling attackers to execute arbitrary code on vulnerable systems.
An unauthenticated attacker can exploit this vulnerability remotely over the network with low attack complexity, though it requires user interaction to trigger. Successful exploitation grants high-impact remote code execution, compromising confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the affected system.
Microsoft's Security Response Center (MSRC) provides detailed guidance on mitigation and patching in its update guide at https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-21237. Security practitioners should consult this advisory for applicable updates to affected Windows versions.
Details
- CWE(s)